Jump to main content
US EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Search
Search
Main menu
Environmental Topics
Laws & Regulations
About EPA
Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)
Contact Us
Print
Feedback
Export to File
Search:
This record has one attached file:
Add More Files
Attach File(s):
Display Name for File*:
Save
Citation
Tags
HERO ID
1000102
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
The PAL2 promoter activities in relation to structural development and adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Author(s)
Wong, JH; Namasivayam, P; Abdullah, MP
Year
2012
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Planta
ISSN:
0032-0935
EISSN:
1432-2048
Volume
235
Issue
2
Page Numbers
267-277
Language
English
PMID
21874349
DOI
10.1007/s00425-011-1506-9
Web of Science Id
WOS:000299515400004
URL
http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00425-011-1506-9
Exit
Abstract
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) plays a major role in plant growth, development and adaptation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the enzyme is encoded by four genes, namely PAL1, PAL2, PAL3, and PAL4 with PAL1 and PAL2 being closely related phylogenetically and functionally. PAL1 promoter activities are associated with plant development and are inducible by various stress agents. However, PAL2 promoter activities have not been functionally analysed. Here, we show that the PAL2 promoter activities are associated with the structural development of a plant and its organs. This function was inducible in an organ-specific manner by the avirulent strain of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (JL1065). The PAL2 promoter was active throughout the course of the plant development particularly in the root, rosette leaf, and inflorescence stem that provide the plant with structural support. In aerial organs, the levels of PAL2 promoter activities were negatively correlated with relative positions of the organs to the rosette leaves. The promoter was inducible in the root following an inoculation by JL1065 in the leaf suggesting PAL2 to be part of an induced defence system. Our results demonstrate how the PAL2 promoter activities are being coordinated and synchronised for the structural development of the plant and its organs based on the developmental programme. Under certain stress conditions the activity may be induced in favour of certain organs.
Keywords
beta-Glucuronidase; Phenylalanine ammonia lyase; Phenylpropanoid pathway; Promoter activities; Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato
Tags
IRIS
•
Ammonia
Literature Search – March 2012 (private)
Literature Search Results
Home
Learn about HERO
Using HERO
Search HERO
Projects in HERO
Risk Assessment
Transparency & Integrity