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Citation
Tags
HERO ID
1315309
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
PVC flooring is related to human uptake of phthalates in infants
Author(s)
Carlstedt, F; Jönsson, BA; Bornehag, CG
Year
2013
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Indoor Air
ISSN:
0905-6947
EISSN:
1600-0668
Publisher
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc.
Location
Malden
Volume
23
Issue
1
Page Numbers
32-39
Language
English
PMID
22563949
DOI
10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00788.x
Web of Science Id
WOS:000313594000005
URL
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872372920&doi=10.1111%2fj.1600-0668.2012.00788.x&partnerID=40&md5=15a2e14fef5c6ff5ff3c260fa2fda9bd
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Abstract
Abstract Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring material contains phthalates, and it has been shown that such materials are important sources for phthalates in indoor dust. Phthalates are suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Consecutive infants between 2 and 6 months old and their mothers were invited. A questionnaire about indoor environmental factors and family lifestyle was used. Urinary metabolites of the phthalates diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBzP), and dietylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were measured in the urine of the children. Of 209 invited children, 110 (52%) participated. Urine samples were obtained from 83 of these. Urine levels of the BBzP metabolite monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) was significantly higher in infants with PVC flooring in their bedrooms (P < 0.007) and related to the body area of the infant. Levels of the DEHP metabolites MEHHP (P < 0.01) and MEOHP (P < 0.04) were higher in the 2-month-old infants who were not exclusively breast-fed when compared with breast-fed children. The findings indicate that the use of soft PVC as flooring material may increase the human uptake of phthalates in infants. Urinary levels of phthalate metabolites during early life are associated with the use of PVC flooring in the bedroom, body area, and the use of infant formula. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study shows that the uptake of phthalates is not only related to oral uptake from, for example, food but also to environmental factors such as building materials. This new information should be considered when designing indoor environment, especially for children.
Keywords
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Human uptake; Children; Phthalates; PVC flooring; Infants
Tags
IRIS
•
BBP (Butyl benzyl phthalate)
Literature Search
LitSearch Dec 2012
PubMed
LitSearch Dec 2012-Aug 2013
Web of Science
LitSearch Aug 2013-Apr 2014
Web of Science
Excluded: No Primary Data on Health Effects
Exposure levels
•
Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
Database Searches
Pubmed
Web of Science
LitSearch Nov 2012
PubMed
Merged reference set
LitSearch Dec 2012 - June 2013
PubMed
Web of Science
LitSearch June 2013 – Jan 2014
Web of Science
Excluded: No Primary Data on Health Effects
Exposure levels
•
Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
Database searches
Initial Litsearch
PubMed
Merged reference set
Aug 2013 update
Pubmed
Web of Science
Jul 2014 update
Web of Science
Jan 2020 update
PubMed
Web of Science
New for this project
Excluded: No Primary Data on Health Effects
Exposure levels
•
Phthalates – Targeted Search for Epidemiological Studies
Source – all searches
Pubmed
WOS
Excluded
Source – no date limit through June 2013 (Private)
Pubmed
WOS
Source - Dec 2013 Update (Private)
WOS
Source - Jun 2014 Update (Private)
WOS
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