Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)


Print Feedback Export to File
1329301 
Journal Article 
Transforming growth factors (TGF-alpha and TGF-beta1) in the determination of vitality and wound age: immunohistochemical study on human skin wounds 
Grellner, W; Vieler, S; Madea, B 
2005 
Yes 
Forensic Science International
ISSN: 0379-0738
EISSN: 1872-6283 
153 
2-3 
174-180 
English 
16139107 
WOS:000232251300012 
In continuation of former investigations on proinflammatory cytokines, in the present study the relevance of the transforming growth factors TGF-alpha and TGF-beta1 was evaluated for the diagnosis of vitality and wound age. Paraffin sections from human skin wounds due to sharp force influence, which had been collected in operations and autopsies, were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The wound age varied from a few minutes to a maximum of 6 weeks with focus on the early post-traumatic interval up to 5h. Samples from uninjured skin were available as controls. TGF-alpha (n=74) was weakly expressed in normal skin and showed a marked increase in epidermal reactivity after a wound age of approximately 10 min. The maximum was between 30 and 60 min. TGF-beta1 (n=51) revealed constitutional expression only in connective tissue. An increase of immunohistochemical reaction was partially detected even in classical stab wounds (wound age of several minutes). The immunohistochemically detectable signal concerned--presumably due to an infiltration with TGF-beta-rich thrombocytes--large parts of the traumatized skin and also the epidermal layers (cellular and interstitial marking). TGF-beta1 peaked after a post-traumatic interval of 30-60 min. Both factors, especially TGF-beta1, remained detectable in elevated levels also in older wounds with an age of days to weeks (network in granulation tissue). TGF-alpha and TGF-beta1 can efficiently contribute to the estimation of vitality and wound age based on the evaluation of cytokine patterns. In particular, this applies to TGF-beta1 because of its easier evaluation and rapid up-regulation. Similar to other cytokines, the parallel investigation of control skin from the same individual must be recommended to eliminate variation in the basal expression. 
transforming growth factors; vitality; wound age; immunohistochemistry