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1761372 
Journal Article 
Review 
Adjuvants for human vaccines 
Alving, CR; Peachman, KK; Rao, M; Reed, SG 
2012 
Yes 
Current Opinion in Immunology
ISSN: 0952-7915 
24 
3 
310-315 
English 
22521140 
WOS:000306450200011 
Rational selection of individual adjuvants can often be made on the basis of innate molecular interactions of the foreign molecules with pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors. For example, monophosphoryl lipid A, a family of endotoxic TLR4 agonist molecules from bacteria, has recently been formulated with liposomes, oil emulsions, or aluminum salts for several vaccines. Combinations of antigens and adjuvants with particulate lipid or oil components may reveal unique properties of immune potency or efficacy, but these can sometimes be exhibited differently in rodents when compared to nonhuman primates or humans. New adjuvants, formulations, microinjection devices, and skin delivery techniques for transcutaneous immunization demonstrate that adjuvant systems can include combinations of strategies and delivery mechanisms for uniquely formulated antigens and adjuvants.