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1987639 
Journal Article 
Urinary phthalate metabolites and male reproductive function parameters in Chongqing general population, China 
Han, X; Cui, Z; Zhou, N; Ma, M; Li, L; Li, Y; Lin, H; Ao, L; Shu, W; Liu, J; Cao, J 
2014 
Yes 
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
ISSN: 1438-4639
EISSN: 1618-131X 
Elsevier 
217 
2-3 
271-278 
English 
23906849 
WOS:000331595500018 
This study was designed to investigate the phthalates exposure levels in general population in Chongqing City of China, and to determine the possible associations between phthalate exposure and male reproductive function parameters. We recruited 232 general men through Chongqing Family Planning Research Institute and Reproductive Center of Chongqing. In a single spot urine sample from each man, phthalate metabolites, including mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), phthalic acid (PA), and total PA were analyzed using solid phase extraction and coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography and detection by tandem mass spectrometry. Semen parameters were dichotomized based on World Health Organization reference values. Sperm DNA damage were analyzed using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. Reproductive hormones were determined in serum by the radioimmunoassay kit. We observed a weak association between urinary MBP concentration and sperm concentration in Chongqing general population. MBP levels above the median were 1.97 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-4.04) more likely to have sperm concentration below the reference value. There were no other associations between phthalate metabolites and reproductive function parameters after adjusted for potential risk factors. Our study suggested that general population in Chongqing area of China exposure to the environmental level of phthalate have weak or without adverse effects on the reproduction. 
Phthalate; Semen; Sperm; Metabolites; DAN damage; Hormone; Human; Male; Reproduction 
IRIS
• BBP (Butyl benzyl phthalate)
• Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
• Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
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