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Tags
HERO ID
2324806
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Determination of adsorbable organic fluorine from aqueous environmental samples by adsorption to polystyrene-divinylbenzene based activated carbon and combustion ion chromatography
Author(s)
Wagner, A; Raue, B; Brauch, HJ; Worch, E; Lange, FT
Year
2013
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Journal of Chromatography A
ISSN:
0021-9673
EISSN:
1873-3778
Volume
1295
Page Numbers
82-89
Language
English
PMID
23683893
DOI
10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.051
Web of Science Id
WOS:000320294000008
Relationship(s)
is supplemented by
11373473
: Supplementary material
Abstract
A new method for the determination of trace levels of adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF) in water is presented. Even if the individual contributing target compounds are widely unknown, this surrogate parameter is suited to identify typical organofluorine contaminations, such as with polyfluorinated chemicals (PFCs), and represents a lower boundary of the organofluorine concentration in water bodies. It consists of the adsorption of organofluorine chemicals on a commercially available synthetic polystyrene-divinylbenzene based activated carbon (AC) followed by analysis of the loaded AC by hydropyrolysis combustion ion chromatography (CIC). Inorganic fluorine is displaced by excess nitrate during the extraction step and by washing the loaded activated carbon with an acidic sodium nitrate solution. Due to its high purity the synthetic AC had a very low and reproducible fluorine blank (0.3 μg/g) compared to natural ACs (up to approximately 9 μg/g). Using this AC, fluoride and the internal standard phosphate could be detected free of chromatographic interferences. With a sample volume of 100 mL and 2× 100 mg of AC packed into two extraction columns combined in series, a limit of quantification (LOQ), derived according to the German standard method DIN 32645, of 0.3 μg/L was achieved. The recoveries of six model PFCs were determined from tap water and a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. Except for the extremely polar perfluoroacetic acid (recovery of approximately 10%) the model substances showed fairly good (50% for perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)) to very good fluorine recoveries (100±20% for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), 6:2 fluorotelomersulfonate (6:2 FTS)), both from tap water and wastewater matrix. This new analytical protocol was exemplarily applied to several surface water and groundwater samples. The obtained AOF values were compared to the fluorine content of 19 target PFCs analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-(-)ESI-MS/MS). In groundwater contaminated by PFC-containing aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) up to 50% of the AOF could be attributed to PFC target chemicals, while in diffuse contaminated samples only <5% of the AOF could be identified by PFC analysis.
Keywords
Adsorbable organic fluorine; AOF; Combustion ion chromatography; CIC; Perfluorinated chemicals; Synthetic activated carbon
Tags
PFAS
•
Additional PFAS (formerly XAgency)
•
Expanded PFAS SEM (formerly PFAS 430)
Litsearch: September 2019
Web of Science
Not prioritized for screening
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid
•
^Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
PFBS (375-73-5)
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
PFBA (375-22-4)
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
FtS 6:2 (27619-97-2)
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
•
PFAS 150
Literature Search Update December 2020
PubMed
Literature Search August 2019
PubMed
Not prioritized for screening
Ammonium perfluorooctanoate
Perfluorobutanesulfonate
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid
Perfluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride
Perfluorobutanoic acid
Perfluorooctanoic acid
Trifluoroacetic acid
•
PFBA
Literature Search
Pubmed
WOS
Screening Results
Excluded/Not on Topic
Protocol References
Scopus: April 2021
•
PFBS
Pubmed
WOS
Excluded/Not on Topic
Search
PubMed
WOS
Excluded
WOS
Scopus: April 2021
•
PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
Literature Search Update (2013-2019)
PubMed
WOS
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