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2849967 
Journal Article 
Two-step conversion of LLCN olefins to strong anti-knocking alcohol mixtures catalysed by Rh, Ru/TPPTS complexes in aqueous media 
Kokkinos, NC; Nikolaou, N; Psaroudakis, N; Mertis, K; Mitkidou, S; Mitropoulos, ACh 
2015 
Yes 
Catalysis Today
ISSN: 0920-5861 
247 
132-138 
WOS:000351316000016 
A two-step conversion of light-light cracked naphtha (LLCN) olefins to strong anti-knocking alcohol mixtures is proposed as a potential solution to the serious negative aspects from the use of gasoline ether oxygenates (MTBE, ETBE, TAME) from the refineries. Aqueous biphasic Rh/TPPTS-catalysed hydroformylation reaction of olefins present in a Greek refinery naphtha cut comprises the first part of the two-step proposed process. The second part of the proposed LLCN upgrade process is the in situ hydrogenation of the produced aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols catalysed by Ru/TPPTS complex in aqueous media. Both catalytic systems of Rh/TPPTS and Ru/TPPTS have been generated in situ by direct addition of the corresponding catalyst precursors to TPPTS in aqueous media; and they were revealed as effective catalytic systems for biphasic hydroformylation and biphasic hydrogenation of complicated mixtures, respectively. The ultimate fuel will contain more oxygen; it will have better combustion properties and higher octane numbers. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 
Naphtha; Refinery process; Aqueous biphasic hydroformylation; Aqueous biphasic hydrogenation; Ruthenium; Rhodium/TPPTS