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HERO ID
3452602
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
Frontiers in research on biodiversity and disease
Author(s)
Johnson, PT; Ostfeld, RS; Keesing, F
Year
2015
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Ecology Letters
ISSN:
1461-023X
EISSN:
1461-0248
Volume
18
Issue
10
Page Numbers
1119-1133
Language
English
PMID
26261049
DOI
10.1111/ele.12479
Abstract
Global losses of biodiversity have galvanised efforts to understand how changes to communities affect ecological processes, including transmission of infectious pathogens. Here, we review recent research on diversity-disease relationships and identify future priorities. Growing evidence from experimental, observational and modelling studies indicates that biodiversity changes alter infection for a range of pathogens and through diverse mechanisms. Drawing upon lessons from the community ecology of free-living organisms, we illustrate how recent advances from biodiversity research generally can provide necessary theoretical foundations, inform experimental designs, and guide future research at the interface between infectious disease risk and changing ecological communities. Dilution effects are expected when ecological communities are nested and interactions between the pathogen and the most competent host group(s) persist or increase as biodiversity declines. To move beyond polarising debates about the generality of diversity effects and develop a predictive framework, we emphasise the need to identify how the effects of diversity vary with temporal and spatial scale, to explore how realistic patterns of community assembly affect transmission, and to use experimental studies to consider mechanisms beyond simple changes in host richness, including shifts in trophic structure, functional diversity and symbiont composition.
Tags
NAAQS
•
ISA NOxSOxPM Ecology (2018)
Cited in First Draft
Chapter 1
Cited in the Second Draft
Chapter 1
•
ISA NOxSOxPM Ecology (2020- Final Project Page)
Cited
Integrated Synthesis
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