Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)


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366000 
Journal Article 
Biological monitoring of exposure to inorganic lead with special reference to women - a case study of Indian bangle makers 
Yeshvandra, V; Kalpna, G; Rana, SVS 
2007 
123-131 
Gender differences in the toxicity of lead have been observed in a selected human population engaged in glass industries of Firozabad (India). Duration of exposure, age, food habits and alcohol intake were found to be confounding factors affecting lead toxicity in women. Lead concentration in urine was found to be higher in male subjects than female workers. Contrarily, δ-amino levulinic acid concentration in urine was higher in females than male workers. It is concluded that women of all ages (premenopausal and postmenopausal) release lead more slowly than males. Therefore, we suggest that both the parameters in both the sexes should be applied for health risk assessment. Further, studies on δ-amino levulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) genetic polymorphism are needed so as to confirm susceptible and protective genotypes. 
exposure; lead; monitoring; sex differences; toxicity; urine; women; workers; India; Uttar Pradesh; man; South Asia; Asia; Developing Countries; Commonwealth of Nations; Homo; Hominidae; Primates; mammals; vertebrates; Chordata; animals; eukaryotes; delta-amino levulinic acid; surveillance systems; Human Toxicology and Poisoning (VV810) (New March 2000)