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3860084 
Journal Article 
Environmental levels and distribution of structural isomers of perfluoroalkyl acids after aqueous fire-fighting foam (AFFF) contamination 
Karrman, A; Elgh-Dalgren, K; Lafossas, C; Moskeland, T 
2011 
Yes 
Environmental Chemistry
ISSN: 1448-2517
EISSN: 1449-8979 
CSIRO PUBLISHING 
COLLINGWOOD 
8 
4 
372-380 
English 
WOS:000294056000005 
The environment (soil, water, sediment, fish, crab and mussel) around a training facility using aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) was studied with respect to perfluorinated alkyl acids (PFAAs) and 6 : 2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (FTS) and their structural isomers. High levels of many PFAAs and 6 : 2 FTS were detected in soil, seepage water, sediment and fish liver. Structural isomers were found for sulfonates, except PFBuS, and for PFOA. Quantification using authentic standards revealed an isomer pattern of 63% linear PFOS (L-PFOS) and 80% linear PFOA (L-PFOA) in the soil at the contamination site, which indicated a source produced by electrochemical fluorination (ECF). The 6 : 2 FTS was 100% linear in all compartments thus coming from a telomerisation product. Enrichment of the linear structure of PFOS and PFOA in soil was seen with increasing distance from the training centre, and an enrichment of branched isomers for both compounds could be found in the seepage water. Sorption to sediment and accumulation in fish liver led to an enrichment of L-PFOS whereas all PFOA remained in the water body. 
6: 2 fluorotelomer sulfonates; 6: 2 FTS; perfluorooctane sulfonate; perfluorooctanecarbocylic acid; PFOA; PFOS