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HERO ID
4088550
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Identification of toxicants in cinnamon-flavored electronic cigarette refill fluids
Author(s)
Behar, RZ; Davis, B; Wang, Y; Bahl, V; Lin, S; Talbot, P
Year
2014
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Toxicology In Vitro
ISSN:
0887-2333
EISSN:
1879-3177
Volume
28
Issue
2
Page Numbers
198-208
Language
English
PMID
24516877
DOI
10.1016/j.tiv.2013.10.006
Web of Science Id
WOS:000331029200008
Abstract
In a prior study on electronic cigarette (EC) refill fluids, Cinnamon Ceylon was the most cytotoxic of 36 products tested. The purpose of the current study was to determine if high cytotoxicity is a general feature of cinnamon-flavored EC refill fluids and to identify the toxicant(s) in Cinnamon Ceylon. Eight cinnamon-flavored refill fluids, which were screened using the MTT assay, varied in their cytotoxicity with most being cytotoxic. Human embryonic stem cells were generally more sensitive than human adult pulmonary fibroblasts. Most products were highly volatile and produced vapors that impaired survival of cells in adjacent wells. Cinnamaldehyde (CAD), 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (2MOCA), dipropylene glycol, and vanillin were identified in the cinnamon-flavored refill fluids using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). When authentic standards of each chemical were tested using the MTT assay, only CAD and 2MOCA were highly cytotoxic. The amount of each chemical in the refill fluids was quantified using HPLC, and cytotoxicity correlated with the amount of CAD/product. Duplicate bottles of the same product were similar, but varied in their concentrations of 2MOCA. These data show that the cinnamon flavorings in refill fluids are linked to cytotoxicity, which could adversely affect EC users.
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