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HERO ID
4728647
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Health risk assessment of reclaimed wastewater: A case study of a conventional water reclamation plant in Nanjing, China
Author(s)
Deng, Y; Bonilla, M; Ren, H; Zhang, Y
Year
2018
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Environment International
ISSN:
0160-4120
EISSN:
1873-6750
Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
Location
OXFORD
Volume
112
Page Numbers
235-242
Language
English
PMID
29291449
DOI
10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.034
Web of Science Id
WOS:000429420500025
Abstract
Contaminated reclaimed wastewater has the potential to induce adverse effects on the health of wastewater workers and residents. However, few studies have focused on these health risks. In this study, we assessed the health risk of samples collected from different treatment processing units used in a typical water reclamation plant in Nanjing, China. Chemical analysis revealed that 40 semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and 6 N-nitrosamines (NAs) persisted after wastewater treatment. A health risk assessment revealed that the SVOCs in effluents pose negligible non-carcinogenic risk to wastewater workers and local residents as both the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were all below 1.00. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalate esters (PAEs) and NAs may present a carcinogenic risk, since their risk index via dermal exposure exceeded the safety limit (1.00×106), indicating that conventional treatment processes cannot effectively reduce the health risk in reclaimed wastewater. These results strongly suggest the need for the introduction of advanced treatment technologies capable of effectively removing SVOCs and NAs in water reclamation plants.
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Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
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