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HERO ID
5024246
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
The PFOA substitute GenX detected in the environment near a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant in the Netherlands
Author(s)
Brandsma, SH; Koekkoek, JC; van Velzen, MJM; de Boer, J
Year
2019
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Chemosphere
ISSN:
0045-6535
EISSN:
1879-1298
Volume
220
Page Numbers
493-500
Language
English
PMID
30594801
DOI
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.135
Web of Science Id
WOS:000458591200053
Relationship(s)
is supplemented by
11350417
Supplement For
Abstract
The ban on perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has led to the production and use of alternative fluorinated compounds such as GenX. Limited information is available on the occurrence of this PFOA substitute. In this pilot study, we investigated the presence of GenX in/on grass and leaf samples collected near a fluoropolymer manufacturing plant in the Netherlands and in drinking water produced from surface and surface-water influenced groundwater intake points within 25 km from the plant. GenX was detected in/on all grass and leaf samples collected within 3 km north-east from the plant, with levels ranging from 1 to 27 ng/g wet weight (ww) and 4.3-86 ng/g ww, respectively. The PFOA levels in/on grass and leaves were lower, ranging from 0.7 to 11 ng/g ww and 0.9-28 ng/g ww, respectively. A declining concentration gradient of GenX and PFOA with increasing distance from the plant was observed, which suggests that the plant is a point source of GenX and was a point source for PFOA in the past. In all drinking water samples, GenX and PFOA were detected with levels ranging from 1.4 to 8.0 ng/L and 1.9-7.1 ng/L, respectively. The detection of GenX, which is only used since 2012, in/on grass and leaves and in drinking water indicates that GenX is now distributed through the environment. The presence of GenX and PFOA in/on grass and leaves within 3 km north-east of the plant also suggests that these chemicals could also be present on the locally grown food in gardens around the factory.
Keywords
GenX; Per; and polyfluoroalkyl substances; HFPO-DA; Grass; Leaves; Drinking water
Tags
PFAS
•
Additional PFAS (formerly XAgency)
•
Expanded PFAS SEM (formerly PFAS 430)
Litsearch: September 2019
PubMed
Not prioritized for screening
Potassium perfluorooctanoate
Sodium perfluorooctanoate
Ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoate
•
GenX Chemicals (CASRN 13252-13-6 and CASRN 62037-80-3)
LitSearch - GenX: July 2017 - Feb 2019
PubMed
WoS
LitSearch GenX Ammonium Salt: Feb 2018 - Feb 2019
PubMed
WoS
LitSearch: GenX - Feb 2019-Oct 2019
Additional Strategies
•
PFAS 150
Literature Search August 2019
PubMed
Not prioritized for screening
Ammonium perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate
Ammonium perfluorooctanoate
Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid
Perfluorooctanoic acid
•
PFOA (335-67-1) and PFOS (1763-23-1)
Literature Search Update (2013-2019)
PubMed
WOS
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