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5083652 
Journal Article 
Calibration and application of passive sampling for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a drinking water treatment plant 
Gobelius, L; Persson, C; Wiberg, K; Ahrens, L 
2019 
Yes 
Journal of Hazardous Materials
ISSN: 0304-3894
EISSN: 1873-3336 
Elsevier B.V. 
362 
230-237 
English 
30240997 
WOS:000449127500026 
The aim of this study was to calibrate and apply polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) to examine 26 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). As a first step, the sampling rates (Rs) of 14 PFASs were determined in a laboratory calibration study for POCIS-WAX (weak-anion exchange) and POCIS-HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) (each with a surface area per mass of sorbent ratio of 227 cm2 g-1). While most PFASs were still in the linear uptake phase during the 28-day calibration study, Rs ranged from 0.003 to 0.10 L d-1 for POCIS-WAX and 0.00052 to 0.13 for POCIS-HLB. It is important to note that POCIS-WAX had higher Rs for short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) with a perfluorocarbon chain length of C3-C6 and perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) compared with POCIS-HLB. Furthermore, Rs was significantly positively correlated with the sorbent-water partition coefficient (Kpw) for POCIS-WAX and POCIS-HLB (p < 0.0001). Use of POCIS-WAX and POCIS-HLB in the DWTP showed good agreement with composite water sampling. No removal of PFASs was observed in the full-scale DWTP. Overall, this is the first study of PFAS monitoring in a DWTP using two types of POCIS. The results demonstrate high suitability for future applications. 
PFASs; Passive sampling; Drinking water; Sampling rates