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5085169 
Journal Article 
Review 
The overlooked short- and ultrashort-chain poly- and perfluorinated substances: A review 
Ateia, M; Maroli, A; Tharayil, N; Karanfil, T 
2019 
Yes 
Chemosphere
ISSN: 0045-6535
EISSN: 1879-1298 
220 
866-882 
English 
33395808 
WOS:000458591200096 
Poly- and perfluorinated substances (PFAS) comprise more than 3000 individual compounds; nevertheless, most studies to date have focused mainly on the fate, transport and remediation of long-chain PFAS (C?>?7). The main objective of this article is to provide the first critical review of the peer-reviewed studies on the analytical methods, occurrence, mobility, and treatment for ultra-short-chain PFAS (C?=?2–3) and short-chain PFAS (C?=?4–7). Previous studies frequently detected ultra-short-chain and short-chain PFAS in various types of aqueous environments including seas, oceans, rivers, surface/urban runoffs, drinking waters, groundwaters, rain/snow, and deep polar seas. Besides, the recent regulations and restrictions on the use of long-chain PFAS has resulted in a significant shift in the industry towards short-chain alternatives. However, our understanding of the environmental fate and remediation of these ultra-short-chain and short-chain PFAS is still fragmentary. We have also covered the handful studies involving the removal of ultra-short and short-chain PFAS and identified the future research needs. 
Poly- and perfluorinated substances; Short-chain; Ultra-short-chain; Occurrence; Treatment technologies; Mobility