Jump to main content
US EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Search
Search
Main menu
Environmental Topics
Laws & Regulations
About EPA
Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)
Contact Us
Print
Feedback
Export to File
Search:
This record has one attached file:
Add More Files
Attach File(s):
Display Name for File*:
Save
Citation
Tags
HERO ID
5432689
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Title
The evaluation of inhalation studies for exposure quality: A case study with formaldehyde
Author(s)
Whalan, JE; Stanek, J; Woodall, G; Reinhart, P; Galizia, A; Glenn, B; Kraft, A; Makris SL; Jarabek, AM
Year
2019
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Toxicology Letters
ISSN:
0378-4274
EISSN:
1879-3169
Volume
312
Page Numbers
167-172
Language
English
PMID
31100492
DOI
10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.011
Web of Science Id
WOS:000471234200016
Abstract
The inherent complexity of generating and monitoring a test article in an inhalation chamber can make inhalation toxicity testing challenging. Poor study design, human error, and electrical and mechanical problems can adversely affect an inhalation exposure and undermine a study’s results. We have developed a process for evaluating seven key elements of exposure quality in inhalation chamber studies: 1) test article characterization, 2) generation method, 3) chamber sampling and analytical method, 4) chamber concentrations, 5) particle size characteristics, 6) chamber type, and 7) controls. For each study evaluated, exposure deficiencies are documented, and a study is given an overall rating (Robust, Adequate, or Poor) for the quality of its exposure characterization and documentation. In combination with the systematic consideration of experimental features other than exposure, these ratings can inform the utility of a study for use in hazard identification and/or exposure-response analysis. Exposure quality evaluations of 204 formaldehyde inhalation studies are presented as a case study. Of these, 34% were rated Robust because they had comprehensive exposure documentation and no serious deficiencies in the key elements of exposure quality. Another 19% of studies with minor uncertainties or limitations were rated Adequate. Conversely, 47% of the studies were rated Poor due to multiple serious exposure deficiencies. This formaldehyde case study illustrates the need to carefully consider the exposure quality of inhalation toxicity studies when their results are used to support hazard and risk assessments.
Tags
IRIS
•
Diethyl phthalate (DEP)
Personal Correspondence with Authors
•
Formaldehyde
HAWC
LHP cancer mechanistic
Not Primary
Search Update 2018-2021
Exposure
PubMed
LHP MOA
WoS
Home
Learn about HERO
Using HERO
Search HERO
Projects in HERO
Risk Assessment
Transparency & Integrity