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Citation
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HERO ID
5704245
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
How human activities in commercial areas contribute to phthalate ester pollution in street dust of Taiwan
Author(s)
Lee, ST; Lin, C; Chi Thanh, V; Chen, YC; Kang-Shin, C; Villanueva, MC
Year
2019
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Science of the Total Environment
ISSN:
0048-9697
EISSN:
1879-1026
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
Location
AMSTERDAM
Volume
647
Page Numbers
619-626
Language
English
PMID
30092517
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.362
Web of Science Id
WOS:000447090400062
Abstract
Exposure to phthalate esters (PAEs) poses health risks to humans. Much research has been performed evaluating PAE levels in foodstuffs, river sediment and drinking water, but little attention has been paid to their presence in urban outdoor environments where human activities are highly intense. Here we evaluated PAE presence and distribution in street dust in Kaohsiung, the most industrialized city in Taiwan. Our results showed that PAEs were ubiquitous in fifty-two street-dust samples (levels of total PAEs 5.4–989.2 mg kg−1). Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate was the most abundant congener observed and made up 85.0%, 79.7%, and 97.2% of the total PAEs found in industrial, residential and commercial areas, respectively. PAE levels in street dust in commercial areas (night markets) were significantly higher, suggesting a higher risk of contamination on people present in these areas (H value > χU2). In residential and commercial areas, the higher the intensity of human activity, the higher the PAE content observed. PAE content decreased progressively from the center to the outskirts of the Houjing night market, suggesting that the increased human and consumer activities inside this commercial hotspot were the main PAE source in street dust. Children had higher estimated daily intakes (DIs) than adults and dermal absorption contributed more to these levels than oral ingestion. Although all calculated DIs were below referenced danger thresholds, street dust PAEs in the area should remain an environmental concern especially since night markets play an important role in Taiwanese/Asian culture and economy. Contrary to other studies, PAEs in this study were found less related to industrial manufacturing activities but highly linked to commercial activities. These findings are relevant for future pollution prevention efforts dedicated to mitigating public exposure to PAEs.PAE levels in street dust are related to commercial activities. Night markets, an important commercial activity in Taiwan, were found to contribute considerably to PAE contamination in street dust.
Keywords
phthalate esters (PAEs); street dust; night markets; consumer exposure; daily intakes; commercial areas
Tags
IRIS
•
Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP)
Database Searches
LitSearch July 2017 - Sept 2018
New from Previous
Pubmed
•
Phthalates – Targeted Search for Epidemiological Studies
Excluded
Source-March 2019 Update
WOS
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