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Citation
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HERO ID
5883627
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
The determination of two emerging perfluoroalkyl substances and related halogenated sulfonic acids and their significance for the drinking water supply chain
Author(s)
Vughs, D; Baken, KA; Dingemans, MML; de Voogt, P
Year
2019
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
ISSN:
2050-7887
EISSN:
2050-7895
Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
Location
CAMBRIDGE
Volume
21
Issue
11
Page Numbers
1899-1907
Language
English
PMID
31641706
DOI
10.1039/c9em00393b
Web of Science Id
WOS:000498711800008
Abstract
In the present study analytical methodologies were developed for two newly emerging polar perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), namely F3-MSA, and HFPO-DA, in order to assess the occurrence and levels of these PFAS in Dutch and Belgian waters. Two separate methods were needed for analysing F3-MSA and HFPO-DA. A mixed-mode and a reversed phase C18 method were developed for F3-MSA and HFPO-DA, respectively, using a high resolution Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometer for detection, yielding satisfactory LOD and LOQ results for both analytes. A sample campaign was performed collecting single grab samples from various locations and different stages of the drinking water production chain. Whereas both PFAS were absent in groundwaters, they were found to be present in surface waters, river bank and dune infiltrates, process water, and drinking water, demonstrating the persistence and mobility of both compounds. Based on provisional health-based guideline values (0.15 μg L-1 for HFPO-DA, 11.9 mg L-1 for F3-MSA), the current levels in drinking water from the suppliers involved in this study do not pose a health risk for the human population. Common removal processes used in drinking water production appeared to remove these polar compounds at most partially. At locations close to potential sources of these chemicals (e.g. fluoropolymer production sites), the quality of surface water or river bank filtrate abstracted for production of drinking water must therefore be monitored.
Tags
PFAS
•
Additional PFAS (formerly XAgency)
•
GenX Chemicals (CASRN 13252-13-6 and CASRN 62037-80-3)
LitSearch: GenX Ammonium Salt - Feb 2019-Oct 2019
PubMed
•
PFAS 150
Literature Search Update December 2021
PubMed
Missing 2021 searches
Literature Search Update December 2020
PubMed
WOS
Literature Search August 2019
PubMed
Web of Science
Screened Studies
Supplemental
Perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoyl) fluoride
Perfluoro-2-methyl-3-oxahexanoic acid
Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid
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