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7436412 
Journal Article 
Kidney, Adrenal Gland, and Retroperitoneum 
Lowe, AC; , 
2020 
Springer International Publishing 
Cham 
Practical Cytopathology 
307-322 
Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of kidney, adrenal, and retroperitoneal lesions yields challenging specimens in cytology due to the variety of diagnostic entities that can be encountered and their relative infrequency. Familiarity with the clinical and radiologic context is key to answer pertinent clinical questions at the time of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) and to render the complete final diagnosis for the case. This chapter is intended to provide a practical guide to cytopathologists evaluating these specimens in real time. It provides guidance on which entities to expect at the time of biopsy, how to allocate fresh specimen to maximize diagnostic yield, important information to convey at the time of ROSE, and key points that should be addressed in the final report, including classification and grading. An emphasis is placed on radiologic correlation, new entities and updates in recent WHO Classifications, ancillary testing, and potential pitfalls.