Jump to main content
US EPA
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Search
Search
Main menu
Environmental Topics
Laws & Regulations
About EPA
Health & Environmental Research Online (HERO)
Contact Us
Print
Feedback
Export to File
Search:
This record has one attached file:
Add More Files
Attach File(s):
Display Name for File*:
Save
Citation
Tags
HERO ID
787631
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Tetrabromobisphenol-A, hexabromocyclododecane and its degradation products in UK human milk: Relationship to external exposure
Author(s)
Abdallah, MAE; Harrad, S
Year
2011
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Environment International
ISSN:
0160-4120
EISSN:
1873-6750
Volume
37
Issue
2
Page Numbers
443-448
Language
English
PMID
21167604
DOI
10.1016/j.envint.2010.11.008
Web of Science Id
WOS:000287620100018
Relationship(s)
is supplemented by
10228122
: Supplementary data
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBP-A), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and its degradation products were determined in 34 human milk samples from Birmingham, UK. TBBP-A was detected in 36% of samples (average=0.06 ng g(-1) lw), with HBCDs detected in all samples (average ΣHBCDs=5.95 ng g(-1) lw). α-HBCD comprised 62-95% ΣHBCDs while β- and γ-HBCD constituted 2-18% and 3-33% respectively. Enantioselective enrichment of (-)-α-HBCD (average enantiomer fraction=0.29) was observed indicating potential enantioselectivity associated with HBCD absorption, metabolism and/or excretion. The degradation products pentabromocyclododecenes (average=0.04 ng g(-1) lw; n=9) and tetrabromocyclododecadienes (average=0.15 ng g(-1) lw; n=25) were detected for the first time in human tissues. Average exposures of a nursing infant to ΣHBCDs and TBBP-A (35 and 1 ng kg(-1) bw day(-1) respectively) via breast milk exceeded upper-bound dietary intakes of both UK adults and toddlers. Using a simple pharmacokinetic model, intakes of UK adults via inhalation, diet and dust ingestion were converted to predicted body burdens. Predictions compared well with those observed for HBCDs but observed body burdens of TBBP-A exceeded predictions. This may indicate the human half-life of TBBP-A is greater than observed previously, that intakes may be underestimated, or that concentrations reported here reflect recent elevated episodic exposure.
Keywords
TBBP-A; HBCD; Degradation products; Human breast milk; Human exposure
Tags
IRIS
•
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)
Database Searches
Pubmed
WOS
Sources of Mechanistic and Toxicokinetic Data
Toxicokinetic studies
OPPT REs
•
OPPT_Cyclic Aliphatic Bromine Cluster (HBCD)_C. Engineering
Data screening total
Screening: Excluded
•
OPPT_Cyclic Aliphatic Bromine Cluster (HBCD)_D. Exposure
Total – title/abstract screening
On topic
Peer review
Primary source
•
OPPT_Cyclic Aliphatic Bromine Cluster (HBCD)_E. Fate
Total – title/abstract screening
Off topic
•
OPPT_Cyclic Aliphatic Bromine Cluster (HBCD)_F. Human Health
Total – title/abstract screening
Off topic
Home
Learn about HERO
Using HERO
Search HERO
Projects in HERO
Risk Assessment
Transparency & Integrity