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7904098 
Journal Article 
Accessing a key intermediate for sub(oxa)porphyrins from a sustainable raw-material-Cashew apple bagasse 
Rajmohan, R; Prathyusha, P; Maheswari, J; Thimmakondu, VS; Vairaprakash, P; Arumugam, A 
2021 
Yes 
Industrial Crops and Products
ISSN: 0926-6690 
Elsevier B.V. 
159 
English 
WOS:000596619800005 
Furan-2,5-diylbis(phenylmethanol) is a key intermediate to access sub(oxa)porphyrins. Previously, this key intermediate was accessible from fossil-derived furan using highly dangerous lithium reagents. Presently, we have produced this key intermediate from cashew apple bagasse (CAB), via the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). CAB is non-food biomass containing cellulose and hemicellulose. From the CAB, we have obtained the HMF in the yield of 310 mg/g of CAB. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized condition for efficient conversion of CAB to HMF is (i) temperature at 180 °C, (ii) 1:1 mol ratio of catalysts (ZnSO4/NaHSO4), and (iii) reaction duration of 3 h. CAB-derived HMF is treated with an oxidizing agent pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) to obtain 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). DFF is converted into furan-2,5-diylbis(phenylmethanol) in a reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide. Based on the TD-DFT analysis of sub(oxa)porphyrins, it is concluded that the absorption behavior of sub(oxa)porphyrins can be tuned by introducing electron-withdrawing groups into the phenyl ring of the sub(oxa)porphyrins. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. 
Cashew apple bagasse; Response surface methodology; 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural; Sub(oxa)porphyrins; Sustainable raw materials