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8308697 
Journal Article 
Microchip for combining gas chromatography or capillary liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry 
Haapala, M; Luosujärvi, L; Saarela, V; Kotiaho, T; Ketola, RA; Franssila, S; Kostiainen, R; , 
2007 
Yes 
Analytical Chemistry
ISSN: 0003-2700
EISSN: 1520-6882 
79 
13 
4994-4999 
English 
17530739 
We present a microfabricated nebulizer chip for combining atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (APPI-MS) with gas chromatography (GC) or capillary liquid chromatography (capLC). The chip consists of a silicon plate and a glass plate or two glass plates. The chip includes a sample inlet channel, auxiliary gas and dopant inlet, vaporizer channel, nozzle, and platinum heater. The sample eluted from the capLC or GC is mixed with auxiliary gas and dopant (toluene) in the heated vaporizer. The chip forms a confined jet of the sample vapor, which is photoionized as it exits the chip. The analytical performance of GC- and capLC-microchip APPI-MS was evaluated with some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, amphetamines, and steroids. The GC-muAPPI-MS method provides high sensitivity down to 0.8 fmol, repeatability (RSD = 7.5-14%), and linearity (r = 0.9952-0.9987). The capLC-muAPPI-MS method shows high sensitivity down to 1 fmol, good repeatability (RSD = 3.6-8.1%), and linearity (r = 0.9989-0.9992).