Abstract  The major transport and transformation processes affecting the environmental fate of TNT, 2,4-DNT, RDX, and trinitroglycerin were identified. Rate and equilibrium constants for these processes were determined from laboratory studies. These constants were incorporated into a computer model that was programmed to simulate the Holston River, the New River, and Waconda Bay. From these simulations, concentration-time dependent curves were constructed to estimate munition component concentrations at various locations in the receiving water body.

Abstract  An explosion is a physical or chemical phenomenon in which energy is released in a very short time, usually accompanied by formation and vigorous expansion of a very large amount of hot gas: 1) Mechanical explosions are caused by the sudden breaking of a vessel containing gas under pressure. 2) Chemical explosions are caused by decomposition or very rapid reaction of a product or a mixture. 3) Nuclear explosions are caused by fission or fusion of atomic nuclei. 4) Electrical explosions are caused by sudden strong electrical currents that volatilize metal wire (exploding wire). Only chemical explosions are treated in this article.

Abstract  Levine et al. (1983) is a three-volume study report. Click on the links under Relationship(s) to get to the HERO entry with additional details for each volume.

Abstract  Tests indicated that 3,5-Dinitrotoluene (3,5-DNT) was the most potent of all DNT isomers in oral acute doses to rats and mice. 2-Amino-4, 6-DNT (2-ADNT) and its isomer, 4-ADNT, were the least potent in rats and female mice, and comparable to 2,3-DNT and 2,4-DNT in male mice. 3.5-DNT and 4-ADNT were not irritating to rabbit skin; 2-ADNT was a mild irritant. All three compounds were not irritating to rabbit eyes and not sensitizing to guinea pigs. 3,5-DNT and 4-ADNT were absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, metabolized and excreted in the urine. In the Ames test, 1,3-dinitroglycerin (1,3-DNG), 1-mononitroglycerin (1-MNG), nitrocellulose and white phosphorus were not mutagenic. Trinitrotoluene (TNT) 2,4-DNT, 2,5-DNT, tetranitromethane (TNM) and 1,2-DNG were mutagenic at 10 to 30 microgram/plate in one or more strains. TNM was bactericidal without activation. 1,2-DNG was nonmutagenic with activation. 2,3-DNT, 2,6-DNT, 3,5-DNT, trinitroglycerin and 2-MNG were weakly mutagenic, with mutagenic results at 100 or 1,000 microgram/plate in one or more strains.