Abstract  A case of a nonfatal acebutolol intoxication in a 15 year old female is described. Ingestion of 7600 mg acebutolol resulted in a plasma acebutolol concentration of 15 mg/1 one hour after ingestion. The patient remained conscious, had a severe hypotension and the electrocardiogram showed a 1st degree AV-block and severe intraventricular conduction disturbances at a rate of 70 bpm. After the administration of calcium gluconate and plasma the blood pressure gradually increased to normal values in 2 hours time. Plasma halflife of acebutolol was 8 hours. Pathophysiology of acebutolol intoxication is discussed.

Abstract  In order to determine the listericidal efficacies of three marinades used in the production of marinated green shell mussels (Perna canaliculus), decimal reduction times (D values) were determined for a mixture of seven strains of Listeria monocytogenes exposed to marinades in the presence and absence of mussels. With an acetic acid (1.5%, wt/vol) marinade, calculated D values in the presence and absence of mussels were 77.3 and 33.3 h, respectively. Likewise, for an acetic acid (0.75%)-lactic acid (0.75%) marinade and an acetic acid (1.5%)-Glucono Delta-Lactone (0.2%)-based marinade, the D values in the presence and absence of mussels were 125.5 and 26.9 h and 86.3 and 19.3 h, respectively. Various increases in decimal reduction times in the presence of mussels indicated that there was no simple relationship between the listericidal natures of these marinades and the presence of mussels. This result suggests that difficulties may occur in trying to relate acid inhibition studies carried out in model broth systems to "real food" systems.

Abstract  We characterized a glucose-sensitive, controlled-release insulin delivery system. Insulin release rates increased when glucose was perfused in the release media surrounding the matrix. The system was composed of solid, particulate insulin, incorporated into an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVAc) matrix. Feedback control was mediated by the glucose oxidase enzyme immobilized to Sepharose beads, which were incorporated along with insulin into the EVAc matrix. When glucose in solution entered the insulin delivery system, gluconic acid was produced, causing a drop in the microenvironmental pH of the matrix. This fall in pH resulted in a rise in insulin solubility and consequently a rise in the insulin release rate from the matrix. Insulin concentrations increased in vitro and in vivo in response to glucose infusion. The increased insulin release was shown to consist of a finite pulse of insulin that required an optimal recovery period of 1 h to achieve a maximal repeated response to a glucose stimulus. Repeated pulses were demonstrated over a 4 h period. An optimum enzyme ratio was also determined.

Abstract  Eight controlled 1- or 2-wk experiments involving 225 healthy male subjects and one study of 18 patients with hypertension, nine of whom were long-term users of a wax-matrix potassium chloride preparation, were conducted to evaluate the upper gastrointestinal safety of oral KCl supplements. All subjects in the short-term studies had normal upper gastrointestinal tracts. Subjects were examined again after at least 7 days of treatment with one of three commonly prescribed wax-matrix KCl tablets, KCl liquid, microencapsulated KCl, a potassium- sparer , or placebo. Some received an anticholinergic drug with treatment to induce delayed gastric motility. Diet and compliance to treatment regimens were controlled. Results indicate that upper mucosal injury, particularly erosions (43%) and ulcerations (11%), were more frequent after wax-matrix tablets. These changes occurred much less frequently after liquid KCl (0%), microencapsulated KCl (10.5% erosions, 1.2% ulcers), and the potassium-sparing drug (0%). More serious and more frequent lesions were associated with slowed motility. No occult bleeding was noted. Symptomatic complaints did not correlate with endoscopic findings. In the long-term study, patients with hypertension were examined endoscopically after 19 to 23 mo on KCl and again after 1 wk. Six of nine of the patients with hypertension treated for nearly 2 yr with a wax-matrix KCl supplement had significant lesions. One had developed ulceration after 7 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abstract  The pharmacokinetics of fluoride and calcium were studied after administration of a combined fluoride and calcium preparation (Tridin) (1, 2 and 3 tablets) in 9 healthy male volunteers, using a cross-over study design. The total estimation of the pharmacokinetic data was performed by a simultaneous curve fitting to all single values, using a direct search procedure based on an open two-compartment model and three-compartment model, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations and areas under the curve are proportional to the dose administered. Inter-subject variations are comparatively small, computerized multiple dose simulation for 3 days does not show any cumulation. The data fit the two-compartment model and the three-compartment model as well. The behaviour of the calcium concentrations reflects the immediate response of calcium homeostasis: plasma calcium concentrations are not affected.

Abstract  HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. GLUCONO DELTA LACTONE PH REDUCTION COLD STORAGE BRINING

Abstract  HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. ABSTRACT BONE CALCIUM GLUCONATE ANTIDOTE PULMONARY FIBROSIS HYDROXY PROLINE

Abstract  BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Aspergillus niger or Aspergillus tamarii when grown as mixed cultures with toxigenic A. flavus inhibits biosynthesis of aflaxotin by A. flavus, owing primarily to its ability to produce inhibitors of aflatoxin biosynthesis and to their ability to degrade aflatoxin. Gluconic acid partly prevents aflatoxin production. The other factors such as changes in pH of the medium and the effect on the growth of A. flavus have no role in imparting capabilities to these cultures to inhibit aflatoxin production by A. flavus.

Abstract  BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM LIVONA-PICTA GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS DIPLOPSALIS-SP GYMNOTHORAX-JAVANICUS CTENOCHAETUS-STRIATUS HUMAN APOMORPHINE COLCHICINE ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID CALCIUM GLUCONATE LIDOCAINE TOCAINIDE MANNITOL PHENTOLAMINE ANTIEMETIC-DRUG ECOLOGY

Abstract  BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The influence of nisin in combination with organic acids and pH on thermally stressed suspensions of five Bacillus species was examined. Heating at either 65? C for 60 min or 95? C for 15 min had little effect on spore viability in mineral acid treated control systems. Nisin was effective in preventing spore outgrowth, though its efficacy was adversely affected by high pH, high spore loads and high incubation temperatures. The four organic acids studied showed considerable variations in their effectiveness as antimicrobial agents, but can be ranked, in order of increasing efficacy, for each heat treatment as follows: citric acid and lt; latic acid and lt; glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and lt; GDL and lt; lactic acids of nisin and organic acid markedly improved the stability of the preservation system over and above that of each preservative individually, particularly under less acidic conditions and ambient storage.

Abstract  BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM CASE STUDY HUMAN CALCIUM GLUCONATE DERMATOLOGICAL-DRUG CUTANEOUS BURN TOPICAL APPLICATION

Abstract  BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. D-mannitol given in intravenous infusion at a dose of 0.5 to 1.0 g/kg body weight has been used in recent years for the treatment of acute ciguatera fish poisoning. The best results for relief of acute clinical symptoms are obtained when the patients are administered D-mannitol within three days of the onset of intoxication. In this study, the examination of the effects of monosaccharides on the guinea pig atrial responses stimulated by crude CTX was carried out in vitro. D-mannitol (0.27 M), D-mannose (0.28 M), and D-gluconic acid (0.25 M) concentrations had a strong inhibitory effect on the inotropic responses when given before or after crude CTX to the guinea pig atria. Final concentrations of D-mannitol (0.12 M), D-mannose (0.11 M), and D-gluconic acid (0.12 M) showed only partial inhibition. We conclude that the monosaccharides interfered at the receptor sites of the sodium channels of the guinea pig atrial tissue, but not specifically the sodium channels.

Abstract  BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. RRM ABSTRACT HUMAN ANTIDOTE-DRUG

Abstract  Mutagenic test results are reported in microbial and mammalian cell systems.

Abstract  IPA COPYRIGHT: ASHP The use, mechanism of action, dose, U.S. sources and pertinent qualifying statements for the following infrequently used antidotes are summarized: absolute alcohol (alcohols, ethyl), arginine hydrochloride, beta-aminopropionitrile fumarate, calcium gluconate gel Fab fragments of digoxin, Fuller's earth, glyceryl monoacetate (monoacetin), Heloderma horridum antivenin (Gila monster), hydroxocobalamin, N-acetylpenicillamine, niacinamide, polyethylene glycol, Prussian blue (ferric ferrocyanide), Scorpaenid antivenin, scorpion antivenin, silymarin and thioctic acid (alpha-lipoic acid).

Abstract  IPA COPYRIGHT: ASHP A review of the use of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of pediatric epilepsy is presented; biochemical changes secondary to this diet, the proposed mechanisms of action for the ketogenic diet, the various types of ketogenic diets, issues associated with additional nutrition and medication supplementation, including multivitamins and calcium carbonate (Caltrate 600) or calcium gluconate, the efficacy of the ketogenic diet, suggestions for the implementation, discontinuation, and monitoring of the diet, diet-associated complications, and psychosocial issues are considered. A summary of studies in the literature involving the use of ketogenic diets in pediatric patients with epilepsy is provided.

Abstract  IPA COPYRIGHT: ASHP Potassium chloride, as a sugar coated tablet embedded in a wax matrix (Slow-K) and potassium gluconate solution (Kaon), were compared in 20 outpatients suffering from hypertension and receiving potassium wasting diuretics, capable of producing hypokalemia. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 each. One group received the solution for 4 weeks (40 meq potassium/day) and was then switched to the tablet (48 meq/day) for another 4 weeks. The second group began treatment with the tablet, crossing over to the solution after 4 weeks. The patients completed a self rating questionnaire on preference and GI side effects after each 4 week period. Both medications appeared equally effective in maintaining serum levels of potassium and chloride. GI side effects were not severe with either preparation. No gross or occult blood was detected in the stools for any patient. Patient preferences favored the tablet. Ninety-five per cent of the subjects found the tablets more acceptable than the liquid, and 90% found them more convenient. Based upon these findings, the tablet appears to possess decided clinical advantage over a solution with respect to patient compliance and acceptance.

Abstract  Salt, cottonseed meal, mineral mixtures, silage and various dry feeds, either alone or in combination, gave little or no protection against wheat pasture poisoning. Presumably, acting as a diluent, they may lengthen the time necessary for the attack to occur. They do not, however, act as a preventive. Poisoning on wheat pasture occurs primarily in mature cows, 2 years of age or older, which are in the late stages of pregnancy or with a calf at side. Most cases developed sometime between 60 and 150 days on wheat, and the cow had a calf under 60 days of age. The best treatment seemed to be injection of a calcium gluconate solution fortified with magnesium and phosphorus. Recovery seemed to be speeded by removing the cow from the wheat pasture for a short time. No recurrence was observed in any animal which had recovered from the initial attack.

Abstract  IPA COPYRIGHT: ASHP The effects of vitamins and excipients on the release of calcium from formulations containing calcium gluconate, calcium lactate, calcium lactate gluconate and calcium pantothenate were investigated by dialysis. Binary mixtures with cholecalciferol, ascorbic acid and pyridoxine increased the amount of calcium released, while mixtures with thiamine and riboflavin reduced calcium release. Polyvitamin mixtures increased total calcium release from calcium lactate gluconate. Sweetening agents and polysorbate 20 were found to inhibit release.

Abstract  IPA COPYRIGHT: ASHP Eight gel formulations containing calcium gluconate were prepared and evaluated for incompatibilities and microbiological stability. A formulation containing 2.5% calcium gluconate and 3% hydroxyethyl cellulose as a gel forming agent with no preservatives gave the best results. This gel was stable for at least 6 months when stored at room temperature. Some precipitation occurred in all other gel formulations.