Abstract  Aerobic biodegradation of tripropylene glycol (PG3) was investigated under the conditions of the OECD screening test 301E and the Continuous Flow Activated Sludge Simulation test (CFAS). A modified two-chamber facility with a denitrification stage was used for the CFAS test. Primary PG3 biodegradation was measured by the HPLC with fluorimetric detection and analyte derivatisation. Metabolites were identified by LC-MS with electrospray ionisation and GC-MS with electron impact ionisation, as well as semiquantitatively determined by the LC-MS technique. PG3 was found to be inherently biodegradable and it exhibits a strong poisonous effect on activated sludge after exceeding the threshold concentration (10 mg l(-1)). Metabolite accumulation onto the activated sludge is probably responsible for this poisonous effect. Probable biotransformation products of tripropylene glycol under the aerobic conditions include metabolites with a single terminal aldehyde or a ketone group and metabolites with two terminal aldehyde or ketone groups. Their concentration rises at the end of the OECD screening test.

Abstract  The influence of the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) plasticizer content and molecular weight on the physicochemical properties of films cast from aqueous blends of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVE/MA) was investigated with tensile mechanical testing, thermal analysis, and attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Unplasticized films and those containing high copolymer contents were very difficult to handle and proved difficult to test. PEG with a molecular weight of 200 Da was the most efficient plasticizer. However, films cast from aqueous blends containing 10% (w/w) PMVE/MA and either PEG 1000 or PEG 10,000 when the copolymer/plasticizer ratio was 4 : 3 and those cast from aqueous blends containing 15% (w/w) PMVE/MA and either PEG 1000 or PEG 10,000 when the copolymer/plasticizer ratio was 2 : 1 possessed mechanical properties most closely mimicking those of a formulation we have used clinically in photodynamic therapy. Importantly, we found previously that films cast from aqueous blends containing 10% (w/w) PMVE/MA performed rather poorly in the clinical setting, where uptake of moisture from patients' skin led to reversion of the formulation to a thick gel. Consequently, we are now investigating films cast from aqueous blends containing 15% (w/w) PMVE/MA and either PEG 1000 or PEG 10,000, where the copolymer/plasticizer ratio is 2 : 1, as possible Food and Drug Administration approved replacements for our current formulation, which must currently be used only on a named patient basis as its plasticizer, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, is not currently available in pharmaceutical grade. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 112: 2792-2799, 2009

Abstract  This paper presents a study of the reactivity for some acrylates, and methacrylates with two double bonds: diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA), tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TTEGDA), dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The reactivity was studied by photopolymerization (Du Pont de Nemours 930 DPC) and thermal polymerisation (DC 204 Netzsch). The used initiators are Lucirin TPO and Irgacure 1700 (3% for photopolymerization) and benzoyl peroxide (POB 1 and 3% w for thermal polymerization). Correlations between monomers structure and theirs reactivity were established.

Abstract  Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was degraded by transestrification with oligoesters made by conversion of azelaic or adipic acid, glycerol, diethylene or dipropylene glycol and 2-ethylhexanol at 190-210 degrees C to resp. oligoterephthalates used then as plasticizers of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Use of the plasticizers resulted in an improvement of mech. properties of PVC.

Abstract  Detection thresholds are typically obtained by presenting a subject with serial dilutions of an odorant. Many factors, including the solvent used to dilute the odorant, can influence the measurement of detection thresholds. Differences have been reported in detection thresholds for phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) when different solvents are used. In this study we used gas chromatography (GC) to investigate further the effect of solvent on odor detection thresholds. We used a single ascending method and serial dilutions of PEA in four different solvents-liquid paraffin (LP), mineral oil (MO), propylene glycol (PG) and dipropylene glycol (DPG)-to determine the PEA thresholds for 31 adult subjects. For each solvent, we prepared eight serial log base 10 step dilutions (1 -8), with corresponding liquid PEA concentrations of 6.3 x 10(1)-6.3 x 10(-6) (% v/v). We found that the threshold concentrations for PEA in LP (step 6.5) and PEA in MO (step 5.5) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than for PEA in PG (step 4.0) and DPG (step 4.0). We then used GC to measure both the liquid and gas PEA concentrations for the dilution steps prepared with LP and PG. Although there were large threshold differences in the liquid concentrations of PEA in LP and PG, the headspace gas concentrations of PEA were the same. These results demonstrate the importance of determining the gas concentration of odorant stimuli when performing odor threshold measurements, in particular when comparing odor detection thresholds obtained using different solvents.

Abstract  A mixture of coal processing agents, namely crude-MCHM (primarily 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol) and stripped-PPH (primarily dipropylene glycol phenyl ether and propylene glycol phenyl ether) spilled into the Elk River near Charleston, West Virginia in January 2014. The spill resulted in a do-not-use ban on drinking water for up to 10days. Studies were undertaken to determine the potential for aerobic biodegradation of crude-MCHM and PPH in the riverine system and in the sewage treatment plant postflushing of affected water lines. Complete biotransformation of crude-MCHM occurred only when MCHM was initially <6mgL-1. When both PPH and crude-MCHM were present, biotransformation of both compounds only occurred when MCHM was initially <2.3mgL-1 and PPH was <3mgL-1. Limited conversion of PPH was typically observed (<40%). Estimated maximum specific biodegradation rates were 0.087mg cis-MCHM (mgbiomassh)-1 and 0.23mg trans-MCHM (mgbiomassh)-1. The estimated half saturation constants were 2.7mg cis-MCHM L-1 and 10.5mg trans-MCHM L-1. Toxicity studies with agar diffusion plates and ToxTrac indicate both MCHM and PPH exhibit toxicity to Elk River microcosm cultures and that microbiological degradation of MCHM and PPH may generate more toxic products. Phylogenetic analysis of sediments and biodegradation microcosm cultures identified methanotrophs, methylotrophs, and organisms associated with xenobiotic biodegradation, acid mine drainage, and sulfidic mine tailings. These studies can be used to understand the likelihood of biological degradation of MCHM and PPH in environmental and treatment systems.

Abstract  Recently, DNA has been evaluated as a chiral scaffold for metal complexes to construct so called 'DNA-based hybrid catalysts', a robust and inexpensive alternative to enzymes. The unique chiral structure of DNA allows the hybrid catalysts to catalyze various asymmetric synthesis reactions. However, most current studies used aqueous buffers as solvents for these asymmetric reactions, where substrates/products are typically suspended in the solutions. The mass transfer limitation usually requires a long reaction time. To overcome this hurdle and to advance DNA-based asymmetric catalysis, we evaluated a series of ionic liquids (ILs), inorganic salts, deep eutectic solvents (DES), glymes, glycols, acetonitrile and methanol as co-solvents/additives for the DNA-based asymmetric Michael addition. In general, these additives induce indistinguishable changes to the DNA B-form duplex conformation as suggested by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, but impose a significant influence on the catalytic efficiency of the DNA-based hybrid catalyst. Conventional organic solvents (e.g. acetonitrile and methanol) led to poor product yields and/or low enantioselectivities. Most ILs and inorganic salts cause the deactivation of the hybrid catalyst except 0.2 M [BMIM][CF3COO] (95.4% ee and 93% yield) and 0.2 M [BMIM]Cl (93.7% ee and 89% yield). Several other additives have also been found to improve the catalytic efficiency of the DNA-based hybrid catalyst (control reaction without additive gives >99% ee and 87% yield): 0.4 M glycerol (>99% ee and 96% yield at 5 °C or 96.2% ee and 83% yield at room temperature), 0.2 M choline chloride/glycerol (1:2) (92.4% ee and 90% yield at 5 °C or 94.0% ee and 88% yield at room temperature), and 0.5 M dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether (>99% ee and 87% yield at room temperature). The use of some co-solvents/additives allows the Michael addition to be performed at a higher temperature (e.g. room temperature vs 5 °C) and a shorter reaction time (24 h vs 3 days). In addition, we found that a brief pre-sonication (5 min) of DNA in MOPS buffer prior to the reaction could improve the performance of the DNA-based hybrid catalyst. We have also shown that this DNA-based catalysis method is suitable for a variety of different substrates and relatively large-scale reactions. In conclusion, a judicious selection of benign co-solvents/additives could improve the catalytic efficiency of DNA-based hybrid catalyst.

Abstract  Dipropylene glycol (DG) has been considered safe to use as a solvent in perfumes and other cosmetics (1). Our recent case of allergic contact dermatitis from DG in a hand lotion (2) prompted this further study. Materials and Methods: We used standard (S) DG (synthesis grade purity >97%) from E. Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and cosmetic grade (CG) DG (purity 96%) from our case (2). In a pilot study, 34 eczema patients were patch tested with either S or CG DG at 10%, 5%, 2% and 1% aq. When no reactions were seen, the standard series at Gentofte was supplemented with DG 10% aq., S and CG, for 7 months (25.1.94- 25.8.94). 503 consecutive eczema patients, 212 men and 291 women, were tested, patches being applied for 2 days, using Scanpor tape and Finn Chambers, and reactions being read at D2, D3 and 05-7. The original patient (2) was repatch tested with both S and CG DG at I% and 0.5% aq. Results: 6. 7% (34/503) of the patients reacted to at least 1 of S and CG DG (Table 1). There was l positive patch test reaction to S DG, the remaining reactions being either ?+, 5.1% (26/503), or IR, 1.4% (7/503) (no sex difference). 10 of those with ?+ reactions to DG were also tested with their own cosmetics and 2 reacted, l to mascara, skin tonic and eye shadow, and I to camomile liniment (DG contents not determined). The original patient (2) had + + and + + + reactions to CG DG, as well as to S DG, 0.5% and 1% aq. Discussion: DG is a mixture of 3 isomers (1), their distribution in the 2 grades used in this study differing as determined by GC/MS (2). The original patient (2) reacted to both grades and no difference was found between the frequency of reactions to the 2 grades in 503 consecutive eczema patients. Only 1 patient out of 503 (0.2%), however, had a definitely positive patch test reaction to DG, its clinical relevance not being established. Patch testing with other grades of DG used in cosmetics (I) might give different results, but at present, we consider contact allergy to dipropylene glycol to be rare in our study population.

Abstract    Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) affords miniaturized hand-held devices that can be used for monitoring and remote measurement. Because such instruments have limits on storage capacity or bandwidth for wireless transmission, data compression is important Furthermore, all instruments should be operated with the fastest possible sampling rates because a signal-to-noise gain can be achieved by wavelet compression. Linear wavelet compression (LWC) applied to IMS data may cause peak distortion when the spectra are reconstructed. Nonlinear wavelet compression (NLWC) precisely preserves the peak location (i.e., drift time), height, and shape. IMS data of three chemical warfare simulants, dimethyl methylphosphonate, triethyl phosphate, and dipropyleneglycol monomethyl ether, were collected from an Ion Track ITEMISER and a Graseby Ionics detector CAM. Two-dimensional NLWC was used to compress the IMS data in the drift time and data acquisition dimensions on IMS data of chemical warfare simulants. NLWC was applied to achieve a compression factor of 1/128 with relative error of root-mean-square of <0.25% in the reconstructed spectra. A method was also developed and evaluated for optimizing compression. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Abstract  The synthesis of telechelic polyacetals with terminal hydroxyl groups (polyacetal polyols), by the reaction of triethylene glycol divinyl ether with dipropylene glycol in the presence of trimethylolpropane or other triols or diols as starters, in acidic catalysis, has been studied. The synthesized liquid polyacetal triols and polyacetal diols were characterized by hydroxyl number, viscosity, acidity, number average molecular weight (M sub(n)), weight average molecular weight (M sub(w)), molecular weight distribution (M sub(w)/M sub(n)), FT-IR spectra. The obtained polyacetals were transformed in cast elastomers by the reaction with the isocyanate Mondur CD (modified diphenyl methane diisocyanate) with properties very close to the elastic polyurethanes obtained by using conventional polyether triols, copolymers propylene oxide-ethylene oxide. The polyacetal polyols are suitable for the synthesis of elastic polyurethanes (polyurethane elastomers, flexible polyurethane foams). Polyacetals are well known biodegradable polymers. Therefore, the polyurethanes based on polyacetal polyols are expected to be biodegradable.

Abstract  Male Fischer 344 rats were given a single oral dose of approximately 1289 mg/kg (8.7 mmol/kg) of ( super(14)C)DPGME. After dosing, expired air, excreta, and tissues were analyzed for super(14)C activity, and metabolites in urine were isolated and identified. Approximately 60% of the administered super(14)C activity was excreted in urine, while 27% was eliminated as super(14)CO sub(2) within 48 hr after dosing. DPGME, PGME, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, as well as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of DPGME were identified in urine of animals given ( super(14)C)DPGME. Results of the study indicate that DPGME is metabolized via the same routes to the same general types of metabolites as previously identified for propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME).

Abstract  The cure characteristics and tensile properties of ultraviolet (UV) curable acrylic resins were investigated as a function of cure time, and types and contents of photoinitiator and reactive monomer. The change of chemical structure during curing was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, The photoinitiators used were benzophenone, Darocur 1173, and Irgacure 184. Irgacure 184 showed the highest curing rate among them. Based on the curing rate and tensile strength of the cured resins, the optimum content of the photoinitiator was 1 phr. Reactive monomers, hexanediol diacrylate and tripropylene glycol diacrylate, were used to modify the tensile properties of the resins. The tensile strength of the cured resin was highest when the reactive diluent content was 30 phr. As cure time and the content of reactive monomer were increased the elongation at break of the resins reduced.

Abstract  Waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles were collected, cleaned and then depolymerized by glycolysis with neopentyl glycol (NPG) and dipropylene glycol (DPG), in the presence of N-butyl titanate catalyst. The product, named glycolyzed oligoesters, obtained through the depolymerization, were employed respectively in hard segment and soft segment in the synthesis of novel waterborne polyurethane dispersions (PUDs) via a simple and environmentally benign process. In addition, a polyurethane dispersion without glycolyzed oligoesters was synthesized as a comparison. The bulk structure of PET glycolyzed oligoesters and PUDs films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), H-nuclear magnetic resonance NMR) and Gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results illustrated that glycolyzed oligoesters were successfully introduced into the hard and soft segment of the polyurethanes. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to investigate the thermal properties of the PET glycolyzed oligoesters and PUDs films. The results showed that the thermal resistance of waterborne polyurethanes obtained with glycolyzed oligoesters increased due to lower degrees of phase separation. X-ray diffraction indicated that all synthesized polyurethanes exhibited reduced degrees of orientation. Due to the balance between hard-/soft-segment of the waterborne polyurethane dispersions, the formulations containing glycolyzed oligoesters within the hard segment sections of the polyurethanes provided the best performance.

Abstract  This work describes the composition of the products from solvolysis of thermoset polyester in an acetone/water mixture. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the compositions of the aqueous and oil phases was achieved by the combination of liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and total organic carbon (TOC). Close to 100% of the organic carbon in the aqueous phase was explained by the monomers phthalic acid and dipropylene glycol, co-solvent acetone, and a secondary reaction product, isophorone. In the oil, the most abundant compounds were isophorone, 3,3,6,8-tetramethy1-1-tetralone, and dihydroisophorone. While the first two compounds were intermediates in the self-condensation of acetone, dihydroisophorone has not been reported previously as the by-product of the conventional acetone self condensation reaction pathway. The quantification results have shown that solvolysis can be successfully used to close the loop in the polymer life cycle while producing a broad spectrum of high-value products that could be recycled for production of polymers, used as a building blocks, or as fine chemicals. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract  Organo clay modified alkyd resins were prepared and these modified alkyd resins were cured with different ratios of melamine formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resins in this work. Alkyds formulated to have oil content 40% were prepared with phthalic anhydride (PA), glycerine (G), coconut oil fatty acid (COFA), dipropylene glycol (DPG) and organ clay. "K alkyd constant system" was used for the formulation calculations of the alkyd resins. Alkyd resins were blended with 40% of a commercial melamine formaldehyde. The films of the alkyd-amino resins were prepared from 60% solid content xylene solutions using 50 mu m applicators. After the films were cured at 140 degrees C for 2 h in an oven, properties of the films were determined. The film properties of the alkyd-amino resins such as drying degree, hardness, adhesion strength, abrasion resistance, water, acid, alkaline, solvent resistance, and resistance to environmental conditions were investigated. The addition of the urea formaldehyde resin and organo clay has positive effect on the physical and chemical resistance of the alkyd-amino resins. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Abstract  Peel adhesion behavior of unmodified and modified ethylene propylene diene methylene (EPDM) vulcanizates covulcanized with gum natural rubber (NR) is reported in this paper. Modification of the vulcanizate surface has been carried out by electron beam (EB) irradiation with or without EB sensitizers such as trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA). The doses of both EB and TMPTA/TPGDA have been varied in separate experiments keeping one of them constant. The surface features have been analyzed using several analytical techniques like attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray sulphur mapping, surface energy measurements, free sulphur and gel content analysis. In comparison to its unmodified EPDM vulcanizate counterpart, 100 kGy modified EPDM vulcanizate in presence of 10 wt% TMPTA shows a maximum increase in O/C ratio value from 0.01 to 0.14. High energy irradiation leads to oxidation, grafting, breakdown of cross-links and blooming, which have been quantified. The joint strength of the modified and unmodified vulcanized EPDMs with gum NR has been tested at room temperature and is found to be a strong function of the nature and extent of the modification and surface roughness. The 10 wt% TMPTA soaked EPDM vulcanizate irradiated at 100 kGy has shown the highest peel strength (71% over that of the untreated sample) among all the samples. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2009

Abstract  Many studies have shown that dropwise condensation can enhance air-side heat transfer coefficients by at least an order of magnitude relative to filmwise condensation. However, among the hundreds of superhydrophobic surface-modification processes previously reported, there remains a lack of coating methods that enable stable dropwise condensation and can be applied to aluminum-by far the most common material for the air side of heat exchangers, e.g. in air conditioning. Here we present a bottom-up synthesis technique to grow zinc oxide-based films on to aluminum with tunable nanoporosity and strongly re-entrant surface features. These surfaces exhibit exceptional static water contact angles of up to 178 degrees with a hysteresis less than 3 degrees and a slide angle of 1 degrees. We have further characterized the surfaces in the presence of six different liquids, and show that our optimal surface can repel even dipropylene glycol with a contact angle of 124 degrees, even though its surface tension is less than half that of water. Crucially, we have also tested our films under water-condensing conditions in flowing air, characterizing the droplet-shedding behavior, and we have understood how to tune the growth process to deliver stable droplet-shedding instead of flooding. The process uses inexpensive reagents, can operate below 100 degrees C via immersion in an aqueous bath, and takes 1-3 h to complete, making it readily scalable to areas of many square meters and complex geometries.

Abstract  Real-time FTIR spectroscopy was used to study the effect of temperature on the kinetics of photopolymerization from room temperature up to 160 degrees C. A highly viscous epoxy diacrylate and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) as systems of lower viscosity were used to study the influence of viscosity on the polymerization rate, the induction period, and the ultimate conversion. Different behaviour was observed at temperatures below and above ca. 90 degrees C. In the epoxy diacrylate, the polymerization rate first distinctly increases with temperature due to the drop of viscosity, whereas in TPGDA the polymerization rate only little increases or is even independent of temperature depending on the photoinitiator used. The induction period decreases due to the decreasing solubility of oxygen in the reactive formulation. At higher temperatures, termination processes lead to a decrease of the polymerization rate if morpholino ketones are used for initiation. Simultaneously, the induction period re-increases. In contrast, systems initiated by a hydroxy alkylphenone or benzildimethyl ketal continue the trends from below 90 degrees C. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract  Photopolymerization kinetics and optical properties of pigmented thiol-ene coatings were investigated using photo-DSC, real-time FTIR, colorimetry, and AFM. Pigment has no deleterious effect on the unique ability of thiol-ene systems to photopolymerize in air. When trimethylolpropane tris-(3-mercaptopropionate) is incrementally added to tripropylene glycol diacrylate with and without calcium lithol rubine, a red organic pigment, the photopolymerization rate in nitrogen steadily decreases due to a shift in the polymerization mechanism from an acrylate homopolymerization to a thiol-ene copolymerization. However, the photopolymerization rate of pigmented and nonpigmented systems in air significantly increases with increasing thiol concentration, ultimately reaching a maximum at approximately 35 mole percent trifunctional thiol. The increase in rate is due to chain transfer from the non-reactive peroxy radical to the thiol. Thiol groups reduce oxygen inhibition to a greater degree than standard additives such as N-methyldiethanolamine, N-vinyl pyrrolidinone, and thioether containing trifunctional vinyl esters. For a typical acrylate based pigmented photocurable system, greater than 10 wt% photoinitiator is required to achieve a photopolymerization rate equivalent to a comparable thiol-ene system with 1 wt% photoinitiator in air. AFM and colorimetric data indicate that addition of trifunctional thiol has no deleterious effect on pigment dispersion and may in fact increase dispersion quality. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract  Polyester-ether polyols were prepared by a clean method, consisting of PET wastes glycolysis with common diols (diethylene glycol and a mixture diethylene gycol/dipropylene glycol) and a diol derived from biomass (isosorbide) followed by mono-esterification of the glycolyzed products with phthalic anhydride and subsequent propolglation, under relatively mild conditions. The polyester-ether polyols were characterized by chemical methods, dynamic viscosity measurements, gas chromatography and H-1-MNR spectroscopy. Experiments, conducted in order to test the polyester-ether polyols in rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams formation, showed that the chemical composition of the experimental polyester-ether polyols is fully suitable for reaction with di-isocyanate. The physico-mechanical and flame retardant properties of PUR foams, prepared by using the experimental polyester-ether polyols up to 30% wt. of the polyol component in the foam formulations, were at least similar to the properties of the foam obtained from PET wastes by classical recycling methods. The synthesis method is in agreement with the principles of clean technologies and green chemistry, in the sense that no by-products and no wastes results.

Abstract  In this present work, a thermophysical property characterization of aqueous ternary system containing n-tris-[hydroxymethyl]methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (TAPS) and glycol was done. Thermophysical properties, including refractive index, density, and electrolytic conductivity, measurements were considered. The glycols considered are propylene glycol (PG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), and tripropylene glycol (TPG). The measurements were done over a temperature range of 298.15 K to 343.15 K and at normal atmospheric pressure. Different concentrations (4% to 16% by weight TAPS or 56% to 44% water, in a fixed amount of glycol -40%) were used. The effects of temperature and compositions on the measured properties were discussed and then correlated based on the equation proposed for aqueous salt-glycol systems. Calculation results show that the applied model was satisfactory in representing the measured properties in the aqueous ternary systems containing TAPS and considered glycols. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Abstract  An experiment on surface coating of sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) using ultra violet (UV) irradiation has been conducted. Epoxy acrylate and urethane acrylate resins were used as coating materials after addition of tripropylene glycol diacrylate and a photoinisiator, Darocure 1173. Irradiation was conducted using UV light at the conveyor speed of 2, 3, 4, and 5 m/min. Parameters observed were glossyness, adhesion, hardness, abrasion resistance and chemical, solvent and stain resistance. The superior results of the epoxy acrylate films were obtained to show excellent adhesion on the surface of wood meeting with the standard because of greater remaining values than 50% (ASTM 2571-71), together with the high degrees of abrasion, hardness, glossyness and torelance against chemicals, solvent, and stain except against 10% NaOH solution.

Abstract  Bis-(3-hydroxypropyl) 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate (BHPN) was polymerized to poly(trimethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PTN) in the presence of various catalysts. The order of the catalytic reactivity was Sb(III) ( Zr(IV) < Sn(TV) ( Ti(IV). The influence of temperature and catalyst concentration on the properties of PTN was studied with Ti(IV)butylate as a catalyst. The catalysis with titanium resulted in a yellowish polymer only if the polycondensation temperature exceeded 260 <degrees>C. PTN and its monomer BHPN were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. H-1 NMR spectroscopy was employed to determine the quantity of bis-( 3-hydroxypropyl)ether in PTN. The content of diolether was less than 1 mol %. (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.