Genotoxicity of explosives
Inouye, L; Lachance, B; Gong, P
| HERO ID | 1508469 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2009 |
| Title | Genotoxicity of explosives |
| Authors | Inouye, L; Lachance, B; Gong, P |
| Page Numbers | 177-209 |
| Abstract | Genotoxicity is a specialized case of biological effects in which the toxicological endpoint is an alteration of the information content, structure, or segregation of DNA in an organism. Genotoxicants have been defined as compounds that covalently bind and/or cause gene mutations or chromosomal changes in in vitro or in vivo systems, as opposed to nongenotoxic carcinogens that act via altering enzyme levels or inducing cell proliferation. Typical in vitro assays for genotoxicity include microbial reversion assays (e.g., Salmonella assay), mammalian cell-based assays (e.g., chromosomal aberration), as well as measures of interactions at the DNA level (adduct formation, strand breakage). In vivo assays share many of the endpoints monitored in vitro, such as adducts, strand breakage, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei formation, and mutations (e.g., alterations in the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase [HGPRT or HPRT] gene sequence), and endpoints that cannot be monitored in vitro such as the formation of neoplastic lesions and increases in cancer incidence. Data for genotoxicity of explosives are limited as compared to those available for common environmental contaminants (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene). This chapter will present both in vitro and in vivo mutagenicity methodologies including microorganism assays, mammalian cell-based assays, plant assays, and available carcinogenicity data, as well as a short discussion on structureâactivity relationships for mutagenicity of nitroaromatics. © 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Comments | Journal: ISSN: 9781420004342 (ISBN); 9780849328398 (ISBN)Scopus URL: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996549120&partnerID=40&md5=4fe9eeb2eda84a6253bea4b38cc5213b |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |