Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents
Mckee, RH; Adenuga, MD; Carrillo, JC
HERO ID
2907800
Reference Type
Journal Article
Subtype
Review
Year
2015
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 2907800 |
|---|---|
| Material Type | Review |
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2015 |
| Title | Characterization of the toxicological hazards of hydrocarbon solvents |
| Authors | Mckee, RH; Adenuga, MD; Carrillo, JC |
| Journal | Critical Reviews in Toxicology |
| Volume | 45 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Page Numbers | 273-365 |
| Abstract | Hydrocarbon solvents are liquid hydrocarbon fractions derived from petroleum processing streams, containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, with carbon numbers ranging from approximately C5-C20 and boiling between approximately 35-370 degrees C. Many of the hydrocarbon solvents have complex and variable compositions with constituents of 4 types, alkanes (normal paraffins, isoparaffins, and cycloparaffins) and aromatics (primarily alkylated one-and two-ring species). Because of the compositional complexity, hydrocarbon solvents are now identified by a nomenclature ("the naming convention") that describes them in terms of physical/chemical properties and compositional elements. Despite the compositional complexity, most hydrocarbon solvent constituents have similar toxicological properties, and the overall toxicological hazards can be characterized in generic terms. To facilitate hazard characterization, the solvents were divided into 9 groups (categories) of substances with similar physical and chemical properties. Hydrocarbon solvents can cause chemical pneumonitis if aspirated into the lung, and those that are volatile can cause acute CNS effects and/or ocular and respiratory irritation at exposure levels exceeding occupational recommendations. Otherwise, there are few toxicologically important effects. The exceptions, n-hexane and naphthalene, have unique toxicological properties, and those solvents containing constituents for which classification is required under the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) are differentiated by the substance names. Toxicological information from studies of representative substances was used to fulfill REACH registration requirements and to satisfy the needs of the OECD High Production Volume (HPV) initiative. As shown in the examples provided, the hazard characterization data can be used for hazard classification and for occupational exposure limit recommendations. |
| Doi | 10.3109/10408444.2015.1016216 |
| Pmid | 25868376 |
| Wosid | WOS:000352859000001 |
| Url | <Go to ISI>://WOS:000352859000001 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Comments | Scopus URL: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927708797&doi=10.3109%2f10408444.2015.1016216&partnerID=40&md5=acda8b89cb5d44962d041e5edff9d9dd |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
| Keyword | acute CNS effects; benzene; GHS classification; hydrocarbon solvent; HPV; n-hexane; naphthalene; occupational exposure limits; REACH; UVCB |