Determination of retained lung dose
Valberg, PA
| HERO ID | 6875 |
|---|---|
| Year | 1985 |
| Title | Determination of retained lung dose |
| Book Title | Toxicology of inhaled materials: General principles of inhalation toxicology |
| Authors | Valberg, PA |
| Editor | Witschi, HP; Brain, JD |
| Publisher Text | Springer-Verlag |
| City | Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany |
| Page Numbers | 57-91 |
| Abstract | The emphasis in this chapter is going to be primarily on measurement of particle retention in the respiratory tract, although many of the same considerations apply to gas uptake. Inhaled air, unless it has been previously filtered, contains airborne dust. Figure 1 shows the size range of some aerosols typically encountered in natural and occupational settings. In the process of respiration, air flows into the lungs where it is brought in close proximity to lung surfaces for the purpose of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. This same process also makes the lungs an excellent filter of the particles present in inhaled air, and a significant fraction do not exit upon exhalation. The total mass of air breathed daily can range from 10 to 25 kg. Even rural “clean” air has a particulate concentration of about 0.05 ppm (by weight). Hence, even if only half of these particles are deposited in the lung, this amounts to a daily accumulation of 0.5–1.25 mg potentially toxic material on delicate lung surfaces. During smog episodes, particulate concentrations have been measured to be as high as 3–4 ppm (Goldsmith and Friberg 1977), resulting in a daily accumulation of about 60 mg. The correlation between air pollution indices and chronic pulmonary disease has been examined (Lave and Seskin 1970; Ferris 1978, and considerable attention is currently focused on the health effects of indoor air pollution (Spengler and Sexton 1983).Types of inhaled particles for which measurement of retained dose is of major interest are briefly described in the following sections. |
| Doi | 10.1007/978-3-642-69521-6_3 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Series | Handbook of experimental pharmacology, vol. 75 |
| Isbn | 9783642695230 |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |