Ambient PM2.5 exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the United States
Chakrabarty, RK; Beeler, P; Liu, P; Goswami, S; Harvey, RD; Pervez, S; van Donkelaar, A; Martin, RV
HERO ID
7511407
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2021
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 7511407 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2021 |
| Title | Ambient PM2.5 exposure and rapid spread of COVID-19 in the United States |
| Authors | Chakrabarty, RK; Beeler, P; Liu, P; Goswami, S; Harvey, RD; Pervez, S; van Donkelaar, A; Martin, RV |
| Journal | Science of the Total Environment |
| Volume | 760 |
| Page Numbers | 143391 |
| Abstract | It has been posited that populations being exposed to long-term air pollution are more susceptible to COVID-19. Evidence is emerging that long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 μm or less) associates with higher COVID-19 mortality rates, but whether it also associates with the speed at which the disease is capable of spreading in a population is unknown. Here, we establish the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 in the United States (US) and COVID-19 basic reproduction ratio R0- a dimensionless epidemic measure of the rapidity of disease spread through a population. We inferred state-level R0 values using a state-of-the-art susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered (SEIR) model initialized with COVID-19 epidemiological data corresponding to the period March 2-April 30. This period was characterized by a rapid surge in COVID-19 cases across the US states, implementation of strict social distancing measures, and a significant drop in outdoor air pollution. We find that an increase of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 levels below current national ambient air quality standards associates with an increase of 0.25 in R0 (95% CI: 0.048-0.447). A 10% increase in secondary inorganic composition, sulfate-nitrate-ammonium, in PM2.5 associates with ≈10% increase in R0 by 0.22 (95% CI: 0.083-0.352), and presence of black carbon (soot) in the ambient environment moderates this relationship. We considered several potential confounding factors in our analysis, including gaseous air pollutants and socio-economical and meteorological conditions. Our results underscore two policy implications - first, regulatory standards need to be better guided by exploring the concentration-response relationships near the lower end of the PM2.5 air quality distribution; and second, pollution regulations need to be continually enforced for combustion emissions that largely determine secondary inorganic aerosol formation. |
| Doi | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143391 |
| Pmid | 33250247 |
| Wosid | WOS:000607779400057 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |