Toxicity of vanadium to different freshwater organisms
Beusen, JM; Neven, B
HERO ID
9642401
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
1987
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 9642401 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 1987 |
| Title | Toxicity of vanadium to different freshwater organisms |
| Authors | Beusen, JM; Neven, B |
| Journal | Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology |
| Volume | 39 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Page Numbers | 194-201 |
| Abstract | Although vanadium is as abundant as nickel and zinc in the earth's crust, it is not a common pollutant. Vanadium does not occur as the free metal, but as relatively insoluble minerals and organo-metallic complexes. Consequently, the concentration of vanadium in natural freshwaters is relatively low, usually less than 20 ug.L -1 (Linstedt and Kruger 1970). A large fraction of vanadium released into the aquatic environment from natural sources originates from erosion of land surfaces by water. However, anthropogenic input has led to a significant enrichment of vanadium in the environment (Goldberg et al. 1979). Vanadium occurs in relatively high concentrations in crude oils and coals and combustion of these fuels constitutes the major source of vanadium emissions to the atmosphere. A large fraction of the anthropogenically derived vanadium-rich atmospheric particles can enter the aquatic environment as particulate fall-out or dissolved in rain. Other possible sources of vanadium contamination are effluent discharges from titanium and uranium processing plants (Jaffe and Walters 1977). Very few vanadium toxicity tests have been conducted with invertebrates. Miramand and Unsal (1978) studied the acute toxicity of vanadium to some marine benthic species. They found 9-day LC50 values of 10, 35 and 65 ppm vanadium for Nereis diversicolor (worm), Carcinus maenas (mussel) and Mytillus galloprovincialis (crab) respectively. There is more information available on the toxic effects of vanadium to fishes. According to Tarzwell and Henderson (1960), 96-h LC50 values for fathead minnow and bluegill in soft and hard waters ranged from 4.8 to 55 ppm vanadium. Knudtson (1979) determined the acute toxicity of various vanadium compounds (V205, VOSO4, N}{4V03 and NaVO3) to goldfish and guppy in relatively soft water. Depending on the compound tested, the S-day LC50 values ranged from 0.s to 4.5 mg V.L -1 for goldfish and 0.12 to 0.65 mg V.L -I for guppy. The 96-h LC50 of vanadium to adult American flagfish was 11.2 mg.L -1 in very hard water while the threshold for chronic toxicity was judged to be about 0.08 mg.L -1 (Holdway and Sprague 1979). Water hardness and pH had only a minor influence on vanadium lethality to rainbow trout (Stendahl and Sprague 1982). The 7-day LC50 values of V205 fell in a small range, from 1.9 to 6.0 mg V.L -1. The aim of this study is to determine the acute and subchronic toxicity of vanadium for various species of freshwater fish. The long-term toxicity and the effect of vanadium on the reproduction of Daplmia magna is also evaluated and compared with the toxicity of other metals. |
| Doi | 10.1007/BF01689406 |
| Pmid | 3663972 |
| Wosid | WOS:A1987J345400004 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |