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HERO ID
1070111
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Efficiency of log wood combustion affects the toxicological and chemical properties of emission particles
Author(s)
Tapanainen, M; Jalava, PI; Mäki-Paakkanen, J; Hakulinen, P; Lamberg, H; Ruusunen, J; Tissari, J; Jokiniemi, J; Hirvonen, MR
Year
2012
Is Peer Reviewed?
Yes
Journal
Inhalation Toxicology
ISSN:
0895-8378
EISSN:
1091-7691
Volume
24
Issue
6
Page Numbers
343-355
Language
English
PMID
22564093
DOI
10.3109/08958378.2012.671858
Web of Science Id
WOS:000303834300001
Abstract
Context: Particulate matter (PM) has been identified as a major environmental pollutant causing severe health problems. Large amounts of the harmful particulate matter (PM) are emitted from residential wood combustion, but the toxicological properties of wood combustion particles are poorly known. Objective: To investigate chemical and consequent toxicological characteristics of PM(1) emitted from different phases of batch combustion in four heating appliances. Materials and methods: Mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and human BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were exposed for 24 h to different doses (15-300 µg/mL) of wood combustion particles. After the exposure, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, production of the inflammatory mediators (TNF-α and MIP-2) and effects on the cell cycle were assessed. Furthermore, the detected toxicological responses were compared with the chemical composition of PM(1) samples including PAHs, metals and ions. Results: All the wood combustion samples exerted high cytotoxicity, but only moderate inflammatory activity. The particles emitted from the inefficient phase of batch combustion in the sauna stove (SS) induced the most extensive cytotoxic and genotoxic responses in mammalian cells. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic compounds in PM(1) samples might have contributed to these effects. Instead, water-soluble metals seemed to participate in the cytotoxic responses triggered by the particles from more efficient batch combustion in the masonry heaters. Overall, the toxicological responses were decreased when the combustion phase was more efficient. Conclusion: Efficiency of batch combustion plays a significant role in the harmfulness of PM even under incomplete wood combustion processes.
Keywords
Wood combustion; particulate matter; cytotoxicity; genotoxicity; inflammation; chemical composition
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