US EPA

1313593 

Journal Article 

Analysis of allergens in metalworking fluids 

Henriks-Eckerman, ML; Suuronen, K; Jolanki, R 

2008 

Yes 

Contact Dermatitis
ISSN: 0105-1873
EISSN: 1600-0536 

59 

5 

261-267 

English 

18976375 

10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01438.x 

WOS:000260527800002 

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.2008.01438.x
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BACKGROUND: Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are well-known causes of occupational contact dermatitis in machinists.

OBJECTIVE: To gain information about skin sensitizers in MWFs and to compare it with the information in safety data sheets (SDSs).

METHODS: A total of 17 samples of MWF concentrates were analysed for skin sensitizers known or suspected to be used in MWF. Alkanolamines, formaldehyde, isothiazolinones, methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN), and iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) were separated by liquid chromatography. Resin acids of colophonium (colophony) were separated by gas chromatography. The substances were identified with mass spectrometric detection and ultraviolet detection.

RESULTS: Of the MWFs, 15 contained 6-39% of alkanolamines, mostly monoethanolamine and triethanolamine. Formaldehyde was detected in all MWFs: the concentrations of total formaldehyde ranged between 0.002% and 1.3%. Benzisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone were detected in one fluid each. IPBC was detected in nine MWFs, and the highest concentration was 0.09%. Methylisothiazolinone and MDBGN were not detected in any of the fluids. Resin acids of colophonium were detected in seven MWFs in concentrations ranging from 0.41% to 3.8%. On the whole, the allergens analysed were poorly declared in the SDSs.

CONCLUSIONS: The content of total formaldehyde was not declared in any SDS. IPBC, a relatively new allergen, seems to be common in MWFs. Isothiazolinones may be relevant allergens of machinists, and they should be analysed in MWFs in case other sources are not identified. The occupational relevance of positive patch test results to MWF ingredients in machinists is difficult to determine if information in the SDSs is relied upon. 

alkanolamines; analysis; antimicrobial agents; biocides; colophonium; contact allergens; formaldehyde; iodopropynyl butylcarbamate; isothiazolinones; metalworking fluids; resin acids; safety data sheet