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1326449 
Journal Article 
Carbonated beverages and chronic kidney disease 
Saldana, TM; Basso, O; Darden, R; Sandler, DP 
2007 
Yes 
Epidemiology
ISSN: 1044-3983
EISSN: 1531-5487 
18 
4 
501-506 
English 
17525693 
WOS:000247329500017 
BACKGROUND: Carbonated beverage consumption has been linked with diabetes, hypertension, and kidney stones, all risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Cola beverages, in particular, contain phosphoric acid and have been associated with urinary changes that promote kidney stones.

METHODS: We examined the relationship between carbonated beverages (including cola) and chronic kidney disease, using data from 465 patients with newly diagnosed chronic kidney disease and 467 community controls recruited in North Carolina between 1980 and 1982.

RESULTS: Drinking 2 or more colas per day was associated with increased risk of chronic kidney disease (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-3.7). Results were the same for regular colas (2.1; 1.3-3.4) and artificially sweetened colas (2.1; 0.7-2.5). Noncola carbonated beverages were not associated with chronic kidney disease (0.94; 0.4-2.2).

CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that cola consumption may increase the risk of chronic kidney disease.