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HERO ID
1334666
Reference Type
Journal Article
Title
Toxicology of chemical mixtures: Challenges for today and the future
Author(s)
Feron, VJ; Groten, JP; Jonker, D; Cassee, FR; Van Bladeren, PJ
Year
1995
Is Peer Reviewed?
1
Journal
Toxicology
ISSN:
0300-483X
EISSN:
1879-3185
Volume
105
Issue
2-3
Page Numbers
415-427
Language
English
PMID
8571377
DOI
10.1016/0300-483x(95)03239-c
Web of Science Id
WOS:A1995TQ61400037
Abstract
A major challenge for the toxicologist involved in safety evaluation of chemical mixtures is to test the hypothesis that as a rule exposure to mixtures of chemicals at (low) non-toxic doses of the individual chemicals is of no health concern. A series of repeated dose studies in rats with defined mixtures of chemicals with the same or different target organs revealed that exposure to a combination of chemicals compared with exposure to the individual compounds did not constitute an evidently increased hazard, provided each chemical was administered at a level similar to, or slightly lower than, its own 'No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Lever. The results of subacute oral toxicity studies in rats with denned mixtures of nephrotoxicants with similar mode of action underlined the applicability of the additivity assumption for a mixture of chemicals with simple similar action. Safety evaluation of complex chemical mixtures is a challenge that can be tackled as follows: first, identify the (e.g. ten) most risky chemicals in the mixture, and, second, assess the hazard and the potential health risk of the mixture of the most risky chemicals, using procedures developed for defined mixtures. To identify interactions between individual compounds, a most promising testing strategy appeared to be a statistical approach using a fractional two-level factorial design. A challenge for today and the future is to gradually substitute mixture-oriented (real life-oriented) standard setting for (unrealistic) single chemical-oriented standard setting.
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Formaldehyde
Nervous system effects
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Title/abstract
Society abstract, review, commentary, or background information
Retroactive RIS import
Pre2013
Merged Litsearch Results 100912
Merged LitSearch Results ToxNet 101012
Merged LitSearch Additions 86 Reviews SCREEN
Web of Science Search 100412
2013
HCHON tox Ref Identification 022713
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