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1479256 
Journal Article 
Zinc stannates as alternative synergists in selected flame retardant systems 
Horrocks, AR; Smart, G; Price, D; Kandola, B 
2009 
Yes 
Journal of Fire Sciences
ISSN: 0734-9041
EISSN: 1530-8049 
27 
5 
495-521 
English 
WOS:000269361100006 
Zinc stannates, including zinc hydroxystannate, are used
components within synergistic fire retardant systems usually in conjunction with halogenated
species in a number of polymers. Their behavior is similar to antimony III oxide (ATO) in that
they enhance the effectiveness of the halogenated and, principally brominated retardant (Br-FR),
present. Unlike antimony III oxide, they are non-toxic but are specific in their synergistic
activity. Furthermore, they are effective smoke suppressants. This article reviews the published
literature with regard to this synergistic specificity as well as the role of zinc stannates as
synergists and smoke suppressants in halogenated polymers exemplified by poly(vinyl chloride),
polyolefins exemplified by polypropylene, polyamides, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene and
polyester and epoxy resins. 
zinc stannate; zinc hydroxystannate; antimony III oxide; poly(vinyl chloride); polypropylene; polyamide; acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene; polyester; epoxy; flame retardancy; smoke suppressant