Mari, M; Colell, A; Morales, A; von Montfort, C; Garcia-Ruiz, C; Fernandez-Checa, JC
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a heterogeneous population
of biologically active intermediates, are generated as by-products of the aerobic metabolism and
exhibit a dual role in biology. When produced in controlled conditions and in limited quantities,
ROS may function as signaling intermediates, contributing to critical cellular functions such as
proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival. However, ROS overgeneration and, particularly,
the formation of specific reactive species, inflicts cell death and tissue damage by targeting
vital cellular components such as DNA, lipids, and proteins, thus arising as key players in
disease pathogenesis. Given the predominant role of hepatocytes in biotransformation and
metabolism of xenobiotics, ROS production constitutes an important burden in liver physiology and
pathophysiology and hence in the progression of liver diseases. Despite the recognized role of
ROS in disease pathogenesis, the efficacy of antioxidants as therapeutics has been limited. A
better understanding of the mechanisms, nature, and location of ROS generation, as well as the
optimization of cellular defense strategies, may pave the way for a brighter future for
antioxidants and ROS scavengers in the therapy of liver diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 12,
1295-1331.
