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1559661 
Journal Article 
Photoetching of Immobilized TiO2-ENR50-PVC Composite for Improved Photocatalytic Activity 
Nawi, MA; Ngoh, YS; Zain, SM 
2012 
Yes 
International Journal of Photoenergy
ISSN: 1110-662X
EISSN: 1687-529X 
2012 
WOS:000305009200001 
Commercially acquired TiO2 photocatalyst (99% anatase)
powder was mixed with epoxidized natural rubber-50 (ENR50)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) blend by
ultrasonication and immobilized onto glass plates as TiO2-ENR50-PVC composite via a dip-coating
method. Photoetching of the immobilized TiO2-ENR50-PVC composite was investigated under the
irradiation of a 45 W compact fluorescent lamp and characterized by chemical oxygen demand (COD)
analysis, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectrometry,
thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The BET
surface area of the photoetched TiO2 composite was observed to be larger than the original TiO2
powder due to the systematic removal of ENR50 while PVC was retained within the composite. It
also exhibited better photocatalytic efficiency than the TiO2 powder in a slurry mode and was
highly reproducible and reusable. More than 98% of MB removal was consistently achieved for 10
repeated runs of the photo-etched photocatalyst system. About 93% of the 20 mg L-1 MB was
mineralized over a period of 480 min. The presence of SO42-, NO3-, and Cl- anions was detected in
the mineralized solution where the solution pH was reduced from 7 to 4. 
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