US EPA

1612753 

Journal Article 

Characterization of titanium alkoxide sol-gel systems designed for anti-icing coatings: II. Mass loss kinetics 

Ayres, J; Simendinger, WH; Balik, CM 

2007 

Yes 

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
ISSN: 1547-0091
EISSN: 1935-3804 

4 

4 

473-481 

10.1007/s11998-007-9055-7 

WOS:000251396800011 

New coatings have been developed that display resistance to
the nucleation and adhesion of ice [Simendinger, WH III, Miller, SD, Anti-icing composition. US
Patent #6,702,953 2004]. These coatings contain a titanium alkoxide-based sol-gel system designed
to facilitate the slow release of tripropylene glycol (TPG) and glycerol, which depress the
freezing point of water. The performance and the lifetime of this coating critically depend on
the rate at which TPG and glycerol are released to the coating surface. The kinetics and
mechanism of this process are studied in this article. Mass loss measurements are reported for
temperatures ranging from 22 to 90 degrees C for both the isolated sol-gel and the coating. Two
regions of mass loss are observed: loss of isopropyl alcohol, which begins immediately after the
reactants are mixed, and loss of TPG and glycerol, which begins at a later time, extending up to
several months at low temperatures. Diffusivities and activation energies for IPA and TPG/
glycerol in the sol-gel are obtained from 22 to 90 degrees C and compared to similar data
obtained for an anti-icing coating containing the dispersed sol-gel. The effect of changing the
sol-gel reaction conditions on mass loss kinetics is also reported. 

titanium alkoxide sol-gel; precursor substitution; anti-icing; coatings; diffusion