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1620203 
Journal Article 
Development and clinical evaluation of a verapamil transdermal delivery system 
Shah, HS; Tojo, K; Huang, YC; Chien, YW 
1992 
Yes 
Journal of Controlled Release
ISSN: 0168-3659
EISSN: 1873-4995 
IPA/93/1025287 
Controlled Release 
REF 17 
125-131 
eng 
IPA COPYRIGHT: ASHP Transdermal patch formulations containing 4.2-25% verapamil and 4.2-25% isopropyl myristate (IPM) as a permeation enhancer were studied in vitro and in 8 healthy male subjects. The highest permeation across mouse skin was attained with patches containing 12.6% each of verapamil and IPM. Steady state plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve for total verapamil equivalent were proportional to the surface area of the delivery system and the amount of drug released. Therapeutic levels of verapamil range from about 50-80 ng/ml. However, the highest steady state plasma level achieved was 23.5 ng/ml. It was concluded that the verapamil transdermal patch does not provide effective plasma drug levels. 
Verapamil; blood levels; transdermal patches; Isopropyl myristate; effects; verapamil blood levels; Cardiac drugs; blood levels; verapamil(Cardiac drugs; Absorption enhancers; Concentration; Patches transdermal; Absorption; percutaneous; Release; HUMAN