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1642839 
Journal Article 
Anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc 
Hsu, CL; Fang, SC; Yen, GC 
2013 
8 
1216-1222 
English 
23727892 
WOS:000322188000007 
Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. is an aquatic plant species which belongs to the family Nymphaea and is commonly known as the yellow water lily. The aim of this work was to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. Seven phenolic compounds including vanillic acid (), 4-methoxy-3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (), (2R,3R)-3,7-dihydroxyflavanone (), naringenin (), kaempferol 3-O-(3-O-acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside) (), kaempferol 3-O-(2-O-acetyl-α-l-rhamnopyranoside) (), and quercetin 3-(3''-acetylrhamnoside) () were isolated from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. These results revealed that compound has the most prominent inhibitory effect on the LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, compound also inhibited LPS-mediated induction of protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Thus, compound from the flowers of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation-associated disorders. 
; anti-inflammatory activity; chemokine CCL2; flowers; inducible nitric oxide synthase; kaempferol; macrophages; naringenin; nitric oxide; Nymphaea; prostaglandin synthase; quercetin; therapeutics; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; vanillic acid; water lilies/