US EPA

1660158 

Journal Article 

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation and peroxynitrite formation in ischemic stroke linked to neural damage 

Eliasson, MJ; Huang, Z; Ferrante, RJ; Sasamata, M; Molliver, ME; Snyder, SH; Moskowitz, MA 

1999 

Yes 

Journal of Neuroscience
ISSN: 0270-6474
EISSN: 1529-2401 

19 

14 

5910-5918 

English 

10407030 

WOS:000081377600021 

Nitric oxide (NO) is a new intercellular messenger that occurs naturally in the brain without causing overt toxicity. Yet, NO has been implicated as a mediator of cell death in cell death. One explanation is that ischemia causes overproduction of NO, allowing it to react with superoxide to form the potent oxidant peroxynitrite. To address this question, we used immunohistochemistry for citrulline, a marker for NO synthase activity, and 3-nitrotyrosine, a marker for peroxynitrite formation, in mice subjected to reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion. We show that ischemia triggers a marked augmentation in citrulline immunoreactivity but more so in the peri-infarct than the infarcted tissue. This increase is attributable to the activation of a large population (approximately 80%) of the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (nNOS) that is catalytically inactive during basal conditions, indicating a tight regulation of physiological NO production in the brain. In contrast, 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity is restricted to the infarcted tissue and is not present in the peri-infarct tissue. In nNOS(Delta/Delta) mice, known to be protected against ischemia, no 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity is detected. Our findings provide a cellular localization for nNOS activation in association with ischemic stroke and establish that NO is not likely a direct neurotoxin, whereas its conversion to peroxynitrite is associated with cell death. 

citrulline; ischemial; peroxynitrite; 3-nitrotyrosine; nitric oxide; nitric oxide synthase; peroxynitrite