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1768443 
Journal Article 
MANGANESE AS ESSENTIAL AND TOXIC ELEMENT FOR PLANTS: TRANSPORT, ACCUMULATION AND RESISTANCE MECHANISMS 
Millaleo, R; Reyes-Diaz, M; Ivanov, AG; Mora, ML; Alberdi, M 
2010 
0 
Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
ISSN: 0718-9508 
10 
4 
476-494 
WOS:000288349900008 
Manganese is an essential element for plants, intervening
in several metabolic processes, mainly in photosynthesis and as an enzyme antioxidant-cofactor.
Nevertheless, an excess of this micronutrient is toxic for plants. Mn phytotoxicity is manifested
in a reduction of biomass and photosynthesis, and biochemical disorders such as oxidative stress.
Some studies on Mn toxicity and Mn translocation from soil to plant cells in Mn2+ form have
demonstrated their importance under low pH and redox potential conditions in the soil. When Mn is
inside the cells, mechanisms that can tolerate this toxicity are also observed, being important
the compartmentalization of this metal in different organelles of shoot and leaf plant cells. A
key role of antioxidative systems in plants in relation to high Mn amounts has also been reported
as a defense mechanism. The purpose of this review is to show the role of Mn as an essential
micronutrient and as a toxic element to higher plants as well as to their transport and tolerance
mechanisms. The forms and dynamics of this element in soils and the importance of the acidity for
this dynamic and availability for plants are also given. 
Manganese; Mn toxicity; resistance mechanisms