US EPA

1773467 

Journal Article 

Review 

Phosphorus-based Flame Retardancy Mechanisms-Old Hat or a Starting Point for Future Development? 

Schartel, B 

2010 

1 

Materials
ISSN: 1996-1944 

3 

10 

4710-4745 

English 

28883349 

10.3390/ma3104710 

WOS:000298242600002 

Different kinds of additive and reactive flame retardants
containing phosphorus are increasingly successful as halogen-free alternatives for various
polymeric materials and applications. Phosphorus can act in the condensed phase by enhancing
charring, yielding intumescence, or through inorganic glass formation; and in the gas phase
through flame inhibition. Occurrence and efficiency depend, not only on the flame retardant
itself, but also on its interaction with pyrolysing polymeric material and additives. Flame
retardancy is sensitive to modification of the flame retardant, the use of synergists/adjuvants,
and changes to the polymeric material. A detailed understanding facilitates the launch of
tailored and targeted development. 

fire retardancy; red phosphorus; phosphate; phosphonate; phosphinate; phosphine oxide; flame inhibition; charring; intumescence