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180201 
Journal Article 
Review 
Nano-silver: A review of available data and knowledge gaps in human and environmental risk assessment 
Wijnhoven, SWP; Peijnenburg, W; Herberts, CA; Hagens, WI; Oomen, AG; Heugens, EHW; Roszek, B; Bisschops, J; Gosens, I; van De Meent, D; Dekkers, S; Dejong, WH; van Zijverden, M; Sips, A; Geertsma, RE 
2009 
1 
Nanotoxicology
ISSN: 1743-5390
EISSN: 1743-5404 
3 
2 
109-138 
WOS:000274526300004 
Nano-silver is used in an increasing number of products. Some of the applications have resulted in the concern of governments and the public, since little is known about the potential risks of nano-silver. In this review, an inventory is made to identify knowledge gaps that have to be filled before risks for both man and the environment can be assessed as reliable as for ?non-nanosized? chemicals. It is hypothesized that the toxic effects of nano-silver are due to a combination of the specific properties of silver nanoparticles and the generation of ions from them. The main topic for future research is validation of our ?0-hypothesis? that toxic effects of nano-silver are proportional to the activity of free silver ions released by the nanoparticles. Furthermore, it must be determined whether - or to what extent - nano-silver particles will enter the body. The outcomes of these tests will determine the requirements for further toxicity testing. 
Nanotechnology; nanoparticle; silver; risk assessment; health; environment 
• Nanoscale Silver
     External Review Draft
     Final Case Study
          Introduction to Document, Silver and Nanoscale Silver
          Exposure, Uptake and Dose
          Effects