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2059570 
Journal Article 
ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS USED AS ADJUVANTS IN VACCINES 
Shirodkar, S; Hutchinson, RL; Perry, DL; White, JL; Hem, SL 
1990 
1 
Pharmaceutical Research
ISSN: 0724-8741
EISSN: 1573-904X 
7 
12 
1282-1288 
English 
2095567 
WOS:A1990EM90500013 
The structure of nine commercially manufactured aluminum-containing adjuvants was investigated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron micrography, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Seven samples which were labeled as aluminum hydroxide were identified as boehmite, a crystalline aluminum oxyhydroxide [AlO(OH)]. However, the degree of crystallinity varied between the samples. Two samples which were labeled as aluminum phosphate were found to be amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate. Buffer anions and sulfate anions substitute for hydroxyls in the amorphous aluminum hydroxide formed by the in situ alum precipitation method. Finally, the aluminum-containing adjuvant in diphtheria and tetanus toxoid, U.S.P., produced by three manufacturers was characterized.