US EPA

2131521 

Journal Article 

Feeding deterrence of anthraquinone, anthracene, and anthrone to rice-eating birds 

Avery, ML; Humphrey, JS; Decker, DG 

1997 

1 

Journal of Wildlife Management
ISSN: 0022-541X
EISSN: 1937-2817 

WILDLIFE SOC 

BETHESDA 

BIOSIS/98/07578 

61 

4 

1359-1365 

English 

10.2307/3802138 

WOS:000071737200043 

BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Safe, effective bird repellents are needed as seed treatments and for many other agricultural uses. Quinones are distributed widely in nature and many have predator defense and antiherbivory functions. One compound, 9,10-anthraquinone, was identified as a bird repellent in the 1940s, but is not registered for use in the United States. We evaluated it and 2 structurally related compounds, anthrone and anthracene, for repellency to rice-eating birds. In choice tests with individually caged red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) anthraquinone and anthrone produced comparable reductions in consumption of treated rice at rates of 0.05, 0.10, and 0.25% (g/g). At 0.50%, however, only anthraquinone suppressed consumption of untreated rice as well as treated rice. Anthracene was least effective of the 3 compounds and was tested only at 0.50%. In 1-cup tests, consumption of anthraquinone-treated rice by individual blackbirds was suppressed at 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50%. Rice con 

Agelatus phoeniceus; Anthraquinone; Anthrone; Bird repellent; Boat-tailed grackle; Crop protection; Feeding deterrent; Quiscalus major; Red-winged blackbird; Rice; Seed treatment