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2147581 
Journal Article 
Bifunctional Nitrofluorenes: Structure-Activity Relationships In Salmonella Typhimurium 
Vance, WA; Wang, YY; Okamoto, HS 
1985 
1 
Mutation Research
ISSN: 0027-5107
EISSN: 1873-135X 
NIOSH/00151871 
143 
4 
213-218 
The effect of structure/activity relationships of electron withdrawing and electron donating groups on the mutagenicity of 2,7 disubstituted fluorenes was studied in Salmonella strains TA98 and TA98NR. 2-Aminofluorene (153786), 2-acetamidofluorene, 2,7-diaminofluorene (525644), 2-amino-7-nitrofluorene, 2-hydroxy-7-nitrofluorene, 2-acetamido-7-nitrofluorene, 2-methoxy-7-nitrofluorene, 2-chloro-7-nitrofluorene (Cl), 2-nitrofluorene (607578), and 2,7-dinitrofluorene (5405538) were evaluated for mutagenic activity using the Ames test with or without metabolic activation utilizing liver S9 mix from Syrian-golden-hamsters induced with 3-methylcholanthrene (56495). The number of revertants per plate was determined. Specific mutagenic activities of each compound in TA98 and TA98NR strains, with and without added S9 mix, were tabulated. In general, fluorene derivatives containing nitro groups were not effectively activated by TA98NR. Addition of S9 mix significantly increased mutagenic activity. Amino groups reduced the ability of the compounds to act as direct mutagens. This was attributed to resonance stabilization involving the electron pair on the nitrogen. Substituting a hydroxyl group also reduced the ability of the derivative to act as a direct mutagen. Cl/NF showed potent mutagenic activity, indicating that electron withdrawal from the second aromatic ring of 2-nitrofluorene increased mutagenic potency./ADMINISTRATION and DOSAGE