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2290374 
Journal Article 
Granulation of Li1.33Mn1.67O4 (LMO) through the use of cross-linked chitosan for the effective recovery of Li+ from seawater 
Hong, HyeJin; Park, InSu; Ryu, T; Ryu, J; Kim, BGyu; Chung, KSup 
2013 
Yes 
Chemical Engineering Journal
ISSN: 1385-8947 
234 
16-22 
WOS:000328588300003 
Spinel-structured lithium manganese oxides (LMOs) are the most effective material for the recovery of Li+ from seawater. LMO is granulated using chitosan as a binding material in this study. Prepared chitosan LMO granule is mesa-porous material of which the pore size is 6.5-30.0 nm. In chitosan LMO granule, 19.4 wt% of chitosan is included in. Extraction of the Li+ from chitosan LMO granule is carried with 0.2 M sulfuric acid. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that topotactical extraction of Li+ ion and 93% of Li+ extraction efficiency is obtained. After sulfuric acid treatment, Fourier transformation infrared spectrum (FTIR) of chitosan LMO granule peaks at 1650 and 1000-1400 cm(-1) which represent NH3- and C-N functional groups of chitosan are significantly changed suggesting that chitosan in granule is cross-linked by reacting with SO42- ion in sulfuric acid. Cross-linking of chitosan causes increase of surface area from 2.37 to 14.58 g m(-2). Also stability of chitosan LMO granule is improved from 88% to 100%. After Li+ extraction, LMO converts to hydrogen manganese oxide (HMO). Pseudo-second order kinetic model reveals that adsorption of Li+ onto chitosan HMO granule required more time than HMO powder because the diffusion of seawater into the chitosan binder occurred slowly. HMO powder and chitosan HMO granule exhibit similar (approximate to 10 mg g(-1)) Li+ adsorption capacity when concentration of Li+ is 30 mg L-1. Because chitosan is water permeable polymer, Li+ adsorption capacity of HMO powder is not affected after granulation. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 
Lithium; Recovery; Lithium manganese oxide (LMO); Granulation; Chitosan