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2333793 
Journal Article 
The impact of regional deprivation and individual socio-economic status on the prevalence of Type2 diabetes in Germany. A pooled analysis of five population-based studies 
Maier, W; Holle, R; Hunger, M; Peters, A; Meisinger, C; Greiser, KH; Kluttig, A; Voelzke, H; Schipf, S; Moebus, S; Bokhof, B; Berger, K; Mueller, G; Rathmann, W; Tamayo, T; Mielck, A; DIAB-CORE Consortium 
2013 
Yes 
Diabetic Medicine
ISSN: 0742-3071
EISSN: 1464-5491 
30 
3 
E78-E86 
English 
23127142 
WOS:000315339300002 
AIM: Our objective was to test the hypothesis that the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes increases with increasing regional deprivation even after controlling for individual socio-economic status.

METHODS: We pooled cross-sectional data from five German population-based studies. The data set contained information on n = 11,688 study participants (men 50.1%) aged 45-74 years, of whom 1008 people had prevalent Type 2 diabetes (men 56.2%). Logistic multilevel regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for diabetes prevalence. We controlled for sex, age and lifestyle risk factors, individual socio-economic status and regional deprivation, based on a new small-area deprivation measure, the German Index of Multiple Deprivation.

RESULTS: Adjusted for sex, age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, smoking status and alcohol consumption, the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes showed a stepwise increase in risk with increasing area deprivation [OR 1.88 (95% CI 1.16-3.04) in quintile 4 and OR 2.14 (95% CI 1.29-3.55) in quintile 5 compared with the least deprived quintile 1], even after controlling for individual socio-economic status. Focusing on individual socio-economic status alone, the risk of having diabetes was significantly higher for low compared with medium or high educational level [OR 1.46 (95% CI 1.24-1.71)] and for the lowest compared with the highest income group [OR 1.53 (95% CI 1.18-1.99)].

CONCLUSION: Regional deprivation plays a significant part in the explanation of diabetes prevalence in Germany independently of individual socio-economic status. The results of the present study could help to target public health measures in deprived regions.