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2489217 
Journal Article 
Ladderane lipid distribution in four genera of anammox bacteria 
Rattray, JE; van De Vossenberg, J; Hopmans, EC; Kartal, B; van Niftrik, L; Rijpstra, WIC; Strous, M; Jetten, MSM; Schouten, S; Damste, JSS 
2008 
Yes 
Archives of Microbiology
ISSN: 0302-8933
EISSN: 1432-072X 
190 
1 
51-66 
18385981 
WOS:000256927000006 
Intact ladderane phospholipids and core lipids were studied in four species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria, each representing one of the four known genera. Each species of anammox bacteria contained C(18) and C(20) ladderane fatty acids with either 3 or 5 linearly condensed cyclobutane rings and a ladderane monoether containing a C(20) alkyl moiety with 3 cyclobutane rings. The presence of ladderane lipids in all four anammox species is consistent with their putative physiological role to provide a dense membrane around the anammoxosome, the postulated site of anammox catabolism. In contrast to the core lipids, large variations were observed in the distribution of ladderane phospholipids, i.e. different combinations of hydrophobic tail (ladderane, straight chain and methyl branched fatty acid) types attached to the glycerol backbone sn-1 position, in combination with different types of polar headgroup (phosphocholine, phosphoethanolamine or phosphoglycerol) attached to the sn-3 position. Intact ladderane lipids made up a high percentage of the lipid content in the cells of "Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis", suggesting that ladderane lipids are also present in membranes other than the anammoxosome. Finally, all four investigated species contained a C(27) hopanoid ketone and bacteriohopanetetrol, which, indicates that hopanoids are anaerobically synthesised by anammox bacteria. 
anammox bacteria; ladderane lipids; fatty acids; hopanoids; high-performance liquid chromatography; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry